Surface Heating Over the Tibetan Plateau Associated With the Antarctic Oscillation

Abstract

As the roof of the world and the water tower in Asia, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an important role in regional and global climate (Immerzeel et al., 2010;Ye & Gao, 1979). The mechanical and thermal effects of the TP have been investigated for a long time (Boos & Kuang, 2010;G. Wu et al., 2004G. Wu et al., , 2012Ye et al., 1957). Acting as an elevated gigantic heat pump in boreal summer, the surface heating of TP plays a vital role on the formation, onset and evolution of the Asian summer monsoon especially in spring and early summer (G. Wu & Zhang, 1998;Lai & Gong, 2017;P. Zhao & Chen, 2001). Because the TP-related circulation is in phase with the continent-related circulation, the heating effect of TP favors the maintenance of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the dry-hot desert climate in Central Asia (Duan & Wu, 2005;G. Wu et al., 2007). Both numerical models and novel statistic methods are employed to investigate the unique effects of the TP on the Asian climate (Duan et al., 2020;Tang & Duan, 2021).

Asymmetry of the Antarctic Oscillation in Austral Autumn

“…However, when we consider both the tropical Indian Ocean and the western Pacific SST anomaly in the forcing experiment, we cannot obtain the observed wave train anomaly. Thus, the SST anomaly in the Indian Ocean is also affected by the AAO rather than affecting the AAO, which is consistent with previous results (Dou & Wu, 2018;Nan et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2022).…”

“…The asymmetric AAO modes (paAAO and naAAO) obviously tend to appear in May, scilicet, the AAO mode in May is more likely to be an asymmetric mode. In addition, previous researchers preferred to employ the influence of the AAO in May to represent the influence of the AAO in austral autumn, which indirectly indicates that the influences of asymmetric AAO have been indirectly reflected in other studies (Dou & Wu, 2018; Liu et al., 2018; Tang et al., 2022). In view of the fact that previous studies basically believed that the AAO is a zonally symmetric mode and is maintained by the wave‐mean flow interaction, here we focus on the zonal asymmetry of the AAO (paAAO and naAAO).…”

“…In view of the spatial mode, the AAO presents a seesaw pressure belt in the middle and high latitudes, and a quasi‐barotropic structure. The AAO can induce the zonal wind anomaly through the transient momentum flux divergence, accompanied by the shifting of the westerly jet, thus affecting the entire sea‐ice‐air coupling system (Fogt & Clem, 2020; Fogt & Marshall, 2020; Lorenz & Hartmann, 2001) and climate anomalies of the both hemispheres (Fogt & Marshall, 2020; Hendon et al., 2007; Marshall et al., 2006; Nan & Li, 2003; Reason & Rouault, 2005; Tang et al., 2022).…”

Interannual Variability of August Precipitation in China Associated With the Antarctic Sea Ice Anomaly

“…The accessibility and simulation capability of CAM5 developed by NCAR have been verified by many researchers (Neale et al, 2010;Tang et al, 2022;Zhang & Duan, 2023). However, there are discrepancies in Eurasian Continent between simulation and observation, which could be ascribed to the model biases, the lack of tropical coupling process in the AGCM experiments, or circulation anomalies in Eurasian Continent that may not affected by Antarctic sea ice.…”

“…These effects can be stimulated through oceanic bridges (J. Sun et al, 2009), as well as through both oceanic and atmospheric bridges (Tang et al, 2022(Tang et al, , 2023. Furthermore, more studies are needed to determine whether Antarctic sea ice can affect China rainfall in various time scales and seasons through other mechanisms.…”