Surface ice observations on the St. Lawrence River using infrared thermography

Emond, Josée; Morse, Brian; Richard, Martin; Stander, Edward; Viau, Alain A.

doi:10.1002/rra.1445

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…River temperature is often considered the ‘master’ variable controlling all chemical and biological processes within the river channel and, as such, plays an important role in governing the habitat niches of many aquatic species. River temperature is also an important indicator for a range of physical habitat processes (e.g., mixing and flow velocity, ice cover/thickness, groundwater–surface water exchange and pollutants), and a better insight into the thermal regimes of rivers is therefore key to understanding the both the ecological and physical composition of fluvial environments. However, despite this need, the majority of existing river temperature datasets are based on discrete samples from thermometers or in‐stream temperature loggers, and are therefore of low spatial resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A practitioner's guide to thermal infrared remote sensing of rivers and streams: recent advances, precautions and considerations

Dugdale

2016

WIREs Water

105

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Stream temperature is a key habitat variable controlling all physical and biological river processes. In light of the threat of climate change to fluvial environments, growing importance is being placed on the need to gain a better understanding of stream temperature dynamics. However, many current or historic stream temperature datasets are of very low spatial resolution. Such in situ measurements are often unable to provide the fine scale information on longitudinal or lateral temperature patterns necessary for understanding links between thermal heterogeneity and fluvial processes. In recent years, attention has therefore turned to the use of thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing in order to acquire 2D stream temperature data at ecologically meaningful scales. While TIR remote sensing is a relatively mature technology in its own right, its application in fluvial environments is accompanied by a range of limitations and considerations that must be respected in order to ensure the acquisition of reasonable quality data. It is only in recent years that researchers have been started to shift from detailing the technical aspects of TIR imaging of river environments toward describing its application for river management and fundamental fluvial science. We critically review this recent research, demonstrating the utility of TIR for applied river temperature research. We also provide a detailed guide to the practical use of TIR in river environments with a view to further stimulating its use for advancing stream temperature science.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A practitioner's guide to thermal infrared remote sensing of rivers and streams: recent advances, precautions and considerations

Dugdale

2016

WIREs Water

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Some shore ice (frozen to the dock) appeared temporarily upstream and/ or downstream of the site. A weather station was located on the dock and complementary optic instruments were placed directly above the river where the underwater instruments were located, using a mobile truck with a boom (Emond et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying suspended frazil ice using multi‐frequency underwater acoustic devices

Richard

Morse

Daly

et al. 2010

River Research & Apps

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An intensive frazil ice field sampling campaign was undertaken at the Port of Quebec on the St. Lawrence River from February-March 2009. Two underwater acoustic instruments set at different frequencies of 420 and 1228.8 kHz were used to detect frazil ice in the water column. In this paper, frequency inversion methods are presented and subsequently applied to the observations to estimate frazil ice characteristics and concentration. Using inversion methods, most of the detected ice crystals had estimated radii of 0.06-0.18 mm. This range compares favourably to the estimated value of 0.20 mm obtained by analysing the Rouse number related to the vertical distribution of the frazil crystals. The results were in contrast to a previous study of frazil ice at another site in the St. Lawrence, which reported radii tens of times larger . The tiny crystals observed here were of similar size to those observed in laboratories (e.g. 0.09 mm), suggesting that the particles formed locally. Frequency analyses were also used to estimate the volumetric suspended frazil concentration, which appeared to be on the order of 6 ppm. Based on evidence suggested by the data and the volume backscattering coefficient at the two frequencies, this study also presents the complex sequence of processes that occurs during a typical supercooling frazil event. This paper concludes with future directions for research using acoustic instrumentation for further understanding of frazil ice dynamics.

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“…(b) Remote sensing RS methods entail the use of airborne sensors to record continuous or quasi-continuous river habitat data in one, two or three dimensions (longitudinally, laterally, vertically). To date, RS has been used to map most physical habitat variables commonly required by river scientists and managers, including substrate size (Carbonneau, Bergeron & Lane, 2005;Scholl et al, 2021), biotope (Woodget et al, 2016), suspended sediment and water quality (Pavelsky & Smith, 2009), channel bathymetry (Dietrich, 2017), water temperature (Torgersen et al, 2001), submerged aquatic vegetation (Flynn & Chapra, 2014), woody debris (MacVicar et al, 2009), riparian buffer characteristics (Loicq et al, 2018) and river-ice cover (Emond et al, 2011;O'Sullivan, Linnansaari & Curry, 2019). Although flow state variables (e.g.…”

Section: (A) Logisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riverscape approaches in practice: perspectives and applications

et al. 2021

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Landscape perspectives in riverine ecology have been undertaken increasingly in the last 30 years, leading aquatic ecologists to develop a diverse set of approaches for conceptualizing, mapping and understanding ‘riverscapes’. Spatiotemporally explicit perspectives of rivers and their biota nested within the socio‐ecological landscape now provide guiding principles and approaches in inland fisheries and watershed management. During the last two decades, scientific literature on riverscapes has increased rapidly, indicating that the term and associated approaches are serving an important purpose in freshwater science and management. We trace the origins and theoretical foundations of riverscape perspectives and approaches and examine trends in the published literature to assess the state of the science and demonstrate how they are being applied to address recent challenges in the management of riverine ecosystems. We focus on approaches for studying and visualizing rivers and streams with remote sensing, modelling and sampling designs that enable pattern detection as seen from above (e.g. river channel, floodplain, and riparian areas) but also into the water itself (e.g. aquatic organisms and the aqueous environment). Key concepts from landscape ecology that are central to riverscape approaches are heterogeneity, scale (resolution, extent and scope) and connectivity (structural and functional), which underpin spatial and temporal aspects of study design, data collection and analysis. Mapping of physical and biological characteristics of rivers and floodplains with high‐resolution, spatially intensive techniques improves understanding of the causes and ecological consequences of spatial patterns at multiple scales. This information is crucial for managing river ecosystems, especially for the successful implementation of conservation, restoration and monitoring programs. Recent advances in remote sensing, field‐sampling approaches and geospatial technology are making it increasingly feasible to collect high‐resolution data over larger scales in space and time. We highlight challenges and opportunities and discuss future avenues of research with emerging tools that can potentially help to overcome obstacles to collecting, analysing and displaying these data. This synthesis is intended to help researchers and resource managers understand and apply these concepts and approaches to address real‐world problems in freshwater management.

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Surface ice observations on the St. Lawrence River using infrared thermography

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

A practitioner's guide to thermal infrared remote sensing of rivers and streams: recent advances, precautions and considerations

A practitioner's guide to thermal infrared remote sensing of rivers and streams: recent advances, precautions and considerations

Quantifying suspended frazil ice using multi‐frequency underwater acoustic devices

Riverscape approaches in practice: perspectives and applications

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