The
discharge of antibiotics into the aquatic environment can become
toxic and hazardous to both human health and the environment. Therefore,
it is enormously essential to remove multiple antibiotics from the
wastewater. In this work, carbon nano-onions (CNOs) were synthesized
and used as effective adsorbents for the removal of 97% norfloxacin
(NOR) and 99% tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) antibiotics from wastewater.
CNOs showed good adsorption efficiency, and the equilibrium period
was also short. The adsorption studies were investigated with adsorbent
dosages, adsorbate concentration, and pH. The maximum adsorption capacity
(q
max) was found to be 416.66 and 344.82
mg g–1 for TCH and NOR, respectively. CNOs have
also shown admirable removal efficiency toward NOR and TCH from natural
water samples such as dam water (97% TCH and 94% NOR), tap water (96%
NOR and 93% TCH), and lake water (95% NOR and 93% TCH).