Surface-induced Phase Separation of Binary Polymer Blends on the Chemically Patterned Substrate

Cui, Liang; Zhang, Zexin; Xue, Lixin; Han, Yanchun

doi:10.1007/s00289-005-0404-3

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Alternatively, lateral morphologies with in‐plane structures have been obtained for the same or similar systems (I–I,2–6, 8, 14, 15, 23–28 I–C,29–31 C–C,7, 20, 32, 33 and C–N34, 35). Finally, under specific circumstances, laterally arranged phase domains have been observed to replicate the substrate pattern predefined by soft lithography (see the reports for I–I,14, 36–41 C–C,42 and I–N mixtures43).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Humidity and solvent effects in spin‐coated polythiophene–polystyrene blends

Jaczewska

Budkowski

Bernasik

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Film blends of poly(3-butyltiophene-2,5-diyl) (PT) and polystyrene (PS; 1 : 1 w/w) were spin-coated onto silicon wafers from chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and cyclohexanone at a controlled relative humidity between 4 and 86%. The film morphologies were determined with atomic and lateral force microscopy and mapping and depth profiling modes of dynamic secondary-ion mass spectroscopy. Independently, white light interferometry was used to examine the expansion and response time (t) of pure polymer layers exposed to solvent vapors and moisture. The higher PS solubility, in comparison with the PT solubility, in chloroform and tetrahydrofuran resulted in PS/PT//Si bilayers, which were the final structures for coatings from chloroform [with much larger t(PS)/t(PT) ratios]. For tetrahydrofuran, these bilayers were destroyed, most likely by surface and interface instabilities, yielding hierarchic lateral structures. For cyclohexanone (with the largest t values), a large-scale component of the lateral structures was absent, and this suggested the leveling of surface instabilities. The humidity changed the structural scales and thickness of the films cast from tetrahydrofuran (because it had the best solubility with water). The humidity effects of chloroform and cyclohexanone [reported earlier for polyaniline and poly(vinyl pyridine) blends] were practically absent. Moisture was not easily absorbed by PT and PS [in contrast to polyaniline and poly(vinyl pyridine)] and probably adsorbed merely at the surfaces of blend films rich in tetrahydrofuran.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Humidity and solvent effects in spin‐coated polythiophene–polystyrene blends

Jaczewska

Budkowski

Bernasik

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The efficiency of such devices is reliant upon the formation of a well‐defined, phase separated bicontinuous morphology . As such, many experiments have been conducted looking at phase separation in polymer blends …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have shown that the characteristic final length‐scale of phase‐separated morphologies decreases with increasing spin speed . (c), However, in these systems the fast rotating sample in spin‐coating has often prevented in situ studies, and so the mechanism by which morphological development proceeds is often an informed hypothesis produced from the static final sample and theoretical simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(c), However, in these systems the fast rotating sample in spin‐coating has often prevented in situ studies, and so the mechanism by which morphological development proceeds is often an informed hypothesis produced from the static final sample and theoretical simulations. The large number of parameters that have been shown to affect the final morphology, (molecular weight, tacticity, viscosity, substrate surface chemistry, (f) topography and the process parameters spin speed and acceleration) mean that this approach is challenging. Walheim et al (a) observed that the morphologies of polymer blends spin‐coated at decreasing spin‐speeds appeared to exhibit similar domain structures with an increasing length‐scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous in situ studies have been based upon laser interferometry and scattering, and have been key in furthering our understanding of phase separation during spin‐coating . (d), However, a fundamental drawback with all scattering techniques is that results are based in “reciprocal space”.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Direct observation of morphological development during the spin‐coating of polystyrene–poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer blends

Toolan

Haq

Dunbar

et al. 2013

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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We present results of the direct observation, in realspace, of the phase separation of high molecular weight polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) from ortho-xylene using our newly developed technique of high speed stroboscopic interference microscopy. Taking a fixed concentration (3 wt % in o-xylene) at a fixed composition (1:4 by weight) and by varying the rotational rate during the spin-coating process, we are able to observe the formation of a range of phase separated bicontinuous morphologies of differing length-scales. Importantly, we are able to show that the mechanism by which the final phase separated structure is formed is through domain coarsening when rich in solvent, before vitrification occurs and fixes the phase separated structure. The ability to directly observe morphological development offers a route toward controlling the length-scale of the final morphology through process control and in situ feedback, from a single stock solution.

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Modeling and Simulation

Shang

Kazmer

2014

Characterization of Polymer Blends

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Surface-induced Phase Separation of Binary Polymer Blends on the Chemically Patterned Substrate

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Humidity and solvent effects in spin‐coated polythiophene–polystyrene blends

Humidity and solvent effects in spin‐coated polythiophene–polystyrene blends

Direct observation of morphological development during the spin‐coating of polystyrene–poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer blends

Modeling and Simulation

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