Surface-initiated ATRP of PMMA, PS and diblock PS-b-PMMA copolymers from stainless steel modified by 11-(2-bromoisobutyrate)-undecyl-1-phosphonic acid

Induction heating for surface triggering styrene polymerization on titanium modified with ATRP initiator

“…The grafting leads to increase of the contact angle from 45.7°± 0.3°f or bare titanium substrates to 86.1°± 0.3°for the modified ones. This increased hydrophobicity due to the grafting of the 11-(2-bromoisobutyrate)-undecyl-1-phosphonic acid is in good correlation with previous studies [20,43]. These modified substrates were also systematically characterized by XPS.…”

“…Using a conventional heating method lead to a more hydrophilic surface (64.4°± 0.9°) than using induction heating which leads to a much more hydrophobic surface (92.0°± 0.7°). A value of 95°± 1°has been observed in the literature for the ATRP of styrene during 24 h with a conventional heating at 90°C [20,[44][45][46][47]. In other words, using induction heating allows us to obtain hydrophobicity properties similar to the one obtained after a 24 h ATRP with conventional heating in only 1 h. In order to characterize the morphology of the polymer layers formed with these two different heating conditions, the treated samples were observed by SEM.…”

“…Synthesis of the 11-(2-bromoisobutyrate)-undecyl-1-phosphonic acid has been reported previously elsewhere [20]. The same conditions were used in this work to synthesize this initiator of polymerization with an overall yield of 30%.…”

“…Nowadays, a wide variety of materials have been reported as suitable substrates for surface-initiated ATRP: glass, metals, metal oxides, etc. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. ATRP takes place through a reversible redox reaction involving a transition metal catalyst which is oxidized as the polymer is converted from the dormant state to the radical active state.…”

Grafting PEG Fragments on Phynox Substrates Modified with 11-Phosphoundecanoic Acid

“…The grafting of phosphonic acid compounds has been studied on several metal oxides such as aluminum, 7-25 titanium, 26-43 titanium alloys, 44,45 silicon, 46-49 iron, 50 zinc, 51,52 nickel, 53 silver, 54 tantalum, 55-57 and stainless steel. 58 In the frame of biomedical applications, grafting of organophosphonic acids on SS316L 59 and Nitinol, 60 two alloys commonly used for stents/endovascular prothesis, has already been studied, but such work has not been done on Phynox.The aim of the present work is to functionalize the Phynox surfaces with 11-phosphoundecanoic acid monolayers. The resulting surface is meant to constitute an ideal platform for a large variety of postgrafting chemical reactions, e.g., with alcohols, amines, etc., to modify and control the surface properties of Phynox.…”