Surface integrity of a hardened and ground low-alloy steel – study based on surface and subsurface damage

Flow stress property of a hardened steel at elevated temperatures with tempering effect

“…It was found that a re-quenched martensitic layer was formed on ground surface followed by a re-tempered layer along depth, and the thickness of the re-quenched layer was a well-deÿned function of grinding conditions. To avoid the formation of re-quenched martensite and reduce the softening due to re-tempered martensite, abrasive wheel materials with higher thermal conductivity are preferred such that a large fraction of grinding heat is transported to the abrasive instead of the workpiece [14]. Meanwhile, applying lubricant and coolant is a feasible way to reduce the grinding temperature and the thermal damage.…”