“…In the exploration of various green technologies, semiconductor photocatalysts, driven by inexhaustible and clean solar energy, have attracted wide attention due to their diverse potential in environmental and energy applications. A large number of semiconductors, including TiO 2 , ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 , BiVO 4 , CdS, NaTaO 3 , and Ag 3 PO 4 , have been developed in photocatalytic fields such as water splitting and degradation of organic pollutants, mainly depending on their band gap structure. − Among these, TiO 2 as the most popular one was first used by Fujishima and Honda as an electrode for photocatalytic water splitting . Subsequently, many modification strategies have been designed, including doping, nanostructure, and inorganic/organic molecular support, to enhance their photocatalytic activity. − However, TiO 2 only absorbs UV light due to its large band gap, accounting for 4% of the total spectrum of solar light, which limits the utilization of solar energy and reduces the photocatalytic activity.…”