Surface investigation of carbon films: from diamond to graphite

Abstract

In the present work, a detailed spectroscopic investigation of carbon in different crystalline forms from diamond to graphite was carried out. The spectra of photoemission peak, plasmon losses and X-rays-excited C KLL were studied in order to characterize the carbon phase in different samples. In addition, a method for determination of sp 2 /sp 3 ratio from the first derivative of Auger C KLL spectrum was employed. The obtained results indicated that carbon photoemission peak for sp 2 and sp 3 configurations is characterized by the same value of binding energy. The peaks of plasmon losses and Auger KLL transition were more diagnostic than C 1s photoemission peak, permitting to distinguish the sp 2 and sp 3 configurations. For intermediate situation, which is present in diamond-like carbon (DLC), characterized by a mixture of sp 2 and sp 3 states, the spectra were very similar to the carbon-black, whereas single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) were containing about 50% sp 2 states.

Exploiting the Properties of Ti‐Doped CVD‐Grown Diamonds for the Assembling of Electrodes

“…It is found that the D values obtained from the Tidoped diamond layers are very far from those of graphite (ranging between 21.0 and 22.5 eV), diamondlike carbon or hydrogenated amorphous carbon (ranging between 15 and 20 eV). In particular, for D3, D4, and D5 films, D values of 14.5 ± 0.5, 14.0 ± 0.5, and 14.5 ± 0.5 are respectively detected, and prove to be in a very good agreement with the values 14.2 ± 0.5 and 13.7 ± 0.5 eV previously found for CVD diamond by Lascovich et al [24] and by Mezzi et al, [25] respectively. Moreover, it is to be noted that no signals deriving from other Ti including species are detected by the AES analysis.…”

Hyperporous Carbons from Hypercrosslinked Polymers

“…[35,36] A primary peak was seen for C 1s for all samples at 284.5 eV corresponding to CC and CH species, followed by peaks at 286.0, 287.5, 289.2, and 290.9 eV for CO and CN, CO, carbonates, and π to π * transitions, respectively ( Figure S9, Supporting Information). [36,37] Adv. Mater The increase in π to π * after carbonization is likely due to the material becoming more graphitic in nature.…”

Solid state magnetic resonance investigation of the thermally-induced structural evolution of silicon oxide-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon

“…This lack of knowledge inhibits developing a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms by which the excellent thermal stability and tribological performance of a-C:H:Si:O are achieved. To gain insights into the structure and composition of DLCs, some of the most powerful tools in the material characterization arsenal have been used, including Raman spectroscopy [9,[16][17][18][19], X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [13,20,21], near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy [22][23][24], electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) [25], Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) [26], X-ray reflectivity (XRR) [25], forward recoil elastic scattering (FRES) [27], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy [42][43][44][45][46].…”