Surface-mediated twin polymerisation of 2,2′-spirobi[4H-1,3,2-benzodioxasiline] on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, polyacrylonitrile particles and copper particles

Abstract

Application of twin polymerization by a base-catalysed, surface-mediated coating procedure is shown on different templates. Post-polymerization treatment leads to microporous shells on MWCNTs, N-doped carbon particles, and copper particles.

Twin Polymerization: A Unique Strategy towards Versatile Functional Materials

“…A mechanism of bonding states of the pyrrolidine amine base on the Cu particles is shown in Scheme 9. [98] High-angle annular dark-field single transmission electron microscopy (= HAADF-STEM) confirmed that the appropriate phenolic resin-silica hybrid layers are between 20-120 nm on the MW-CNTs (Figure 6). The thickness of the corresponding layers can be controlled by the amount of the twin monomer added: It increases with growing initial monomer concentration from ca.…”

“…[96] Another application is given by the surface-mediated TP of 1 on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (= MW-CNTs), copper metal particles and polyacrylonitrile particles. [98] The group of Mehring confirmed the possibility of using base-catalyzed TP of the twin monomer 1 to coat these substrates with a nanostructured phenolic resin-silica hybrid material layer, whereby the respective coating procedure was carried out as seed polymerization by applying base-modified substrates as the catalyst in a slurry of diisopropylnaphthalene. The formation of the successful coating was proven by IR and solid-state 13 C{ 1 H} and 29 Si{ 1 H} CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy.…”

“…It has been shown that for the coating of the MW-CNTs the amine 1,4diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is the best choice for a polymerization catalyst, which is best adsorbed on the MW-CNTs prior to the polymerization process. [98] This methodology is also applicable for the polyacrylonitrile particles. However, for the copper particle coating the secondary amine pyrrolidine is the best Scheme 8.…”

“…HAADF-STEM studies with the as-modified Cu particles make the coating of a nano-structured phenolic resinsilica hybrid material of thicknesses between 75-200 nm evident. [98] The as-prepared phenolic resin-silica-coated layers on the appropriate substrates (see above) could be converted into homogeneous and nano-structured carbon-silica layers on the MW-CNTs, N-doped carbon and copper as evidenced by light microscopy, SEM, EDX and HAAD-STEM studies. [98] Furthermore, removal of the silica part from the layers by etching with .…”

“…[98] The as-prepared phenolic resin-silica-coated layers on the appropriate substrates (see above) could be converted into homogeneous and nano-structured carbon-silica layers on the MW-CNTs, N-doped carbon and copper as evidenced by light microscopy, SEM, EDX and HAAD-STEM studies. [98] Furthermore, removal of the silica part from the layers by etching with . Schematic illustration of the synthesis of the porous carbon-carbon composite electrode material by coating a PAN-based felt substrate with hybrid material using TP and subsequent pyrolysis and etching.…”