Surface mineralized hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds based on poly(l‐lactide) and alginate enhances osteogenic differentiation of stem cells

Abstract

Surface mineralized nanofibrous scaffolds hold great potential for bone tissue engineering applications. In this study, a new hybrid nanofibrous scaffold composed of alginate/poly(l‐lactide) nanofibers was fabricated using electrospinning method and then crosslinking process was employed. Hydroxyapatite crystal formation took place using in situ precipitation by immersion of the scaffolds in simulated body fluid solution for 10 days at 37°C. The morphologies of the scaffolds were observed using scanning electron microscope. Hydroxyapatite crystal formation on the surface of nanofibers was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The biocompatibility of the fabricated scaffolds was evaluated using mesenchymal stem cell culture and MTT assay. According to alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content assays, it was concluded that the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells was considerable on scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite crystals in comparison with other specimens. The results showed biocompatibility of the scaffolds and their support from stem cell adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation, so the hydroxyapatite‐coated poly(l‐lactide)/alginate hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds hold suitable characteristics for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 586–596, 2019.

Synthetic Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nanohydroxyapatite and/or Graphene Oxide for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Synthetic apatite is a highly bioresorbable material having excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility [245]. Mineralized scaffolds have been found to enhance osteoblastic activities, osteogenic differentiation and bone formation compared with untreated counterparts [12,246,247,248]. The formation of apatite layer on the polymers and composites depends greatly on the ionic concentrations (0.2–2 SBF) of SBF solutions and the compositions of materials [245].…”

Revascularization and vital pulp therapy in immature molars with necrotic pulp and irreversible pulpitis: A case report with two‐year follow‐up

“…In the revascularization procedure, the clinician uses the approach of tissue engineering for the regeneration of pulp tissue and maturation of root apex. Herein, a biodegradable scaffold serves as a temporary matrix for regenerating cells to attach, proliferate, and differentiate to mature and functional cells which produce pulp and dentin . It is now well‐established that mesenchymal stem cells which migrate from different sources such as apical papilla, periodontal ligament, and bone marrow play a significant role in pulp and dentin regeneration .…”

“…Herein, a biodegradable scaffold serves as a temporary matrix for regenerating cells to attach, proliferate, and differentiate to mature and functional cells which produce pulp and dentin. 18,19 It is now well-established that mesenchymal stem cells which migrate from different sources such as apical papilla, periodontal ligament, and bone marrow play a significant role in pulp and dentin regeneration. 20 In the present case, migrating stem cells are suggested to be responsible for pulp regeneration, dentin production, and root development.…”

Biocompatible Three-Dimensional Printed Thermoplastic Scaffold for Osteoblast Differentiation of Equine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

“…Although these analyses were only performed on a single line of iPSCs and further replicates are required, they do suggest that the iPSCs may require additional time in culture to generate a more mature osteoblast phenotype. Alternatively, as the material used in the scaffold has been shown to affect the efficiency of bone differentiation of a variety of cell types 17,41,42 , coating the scaffold with osteogenic factors may lead to more efficient differentiation of the iPSCs.…”