Surface Modification Approaches for Electrochemical Biosensors

Shi, Jin; Porterfield, D. Marshall

doi:10.5772/17770

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…The electrocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites was characterized in terms of the amperometric sensitivity to H 2 O 2 , because H 2 O 2 is the electroactive intermediate for oxidase based biosensors, including glucose biosensors (McLamore et al 2010b; McLamore et al 2011; Shi 2011a, b; Shi et al 2011; Shi 2011c). DC potential amperometry at +500 mV showed a well-defined response to H 2 O 2 for unmodified microelectrodes, Pt-black microelectrodes and GrOx/Pt-black microelectrodes (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanomaterials, including carbon-based materials and metallic nanostructures, have been widely used to enhance biosensor performance due to their unique electrocatalytic properties (McLamore et al 2010a; McLamore et al 2010b; McLamore et al 2009; McLamore et al 2011; Shi 2011a, b; Shi et al 2011; Shi 2011c). Graphene (Shao et al) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (Wang 2005) have received a lot of attention because of the capacity of these materials to increase electron transfer during the oxidation or reduction of the electroactive intermediate species in biosensing (e.g., H 2 O 2 and NADH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An electric current proportional to glucose concentration is measured to quantify glucose. GOx has emerged as one of the most widely used enzymes to demonstrate the efficiency of novel nanomaterials in enhancing biosensing (McLamore et al 2011; Shi 2011a, b; Shi et al 2011; Shi 2011c) due to its robustness and the ease of attaching GOx to electrode surfaces via glutaraldehyde via covalent formation of Schiff bases (Makino et al 1988; McLamore et al 2010b). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An aqueous media based approach for the preparation of a biosensor platform composed of graphene oxide and Pt-black

Shi

Zhang

Snyder

et al. 2012

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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The combination of Pt nanoparticles and graphene was more effective in enhancing biosensing than either nanomaterial alone according to previous reports. Based on the structural similarities between water soluble graphene oxide (GrOx) and graphene, we report the fabrication of an aqueous media based GrOx/Pt-black nanocomposite for biosensing enhancement. In this approach GrOx acted as a nanoscale molecular template for the electrodeposition of Pt-black, an amorphously nanopatterned isoform of platinum metal. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed that Pt-black was growing along GrOx. The effective surface area and electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 oxidation of GrOx/Pt-black microelectrodes were significantly higher than for Pt-black microelectrodes. When used to prepare a bio-nanocomposite based on protein functionalization with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), the GrOx/Pt-black microbiosensors exhibited improved sensitivity over the Pt-black microbiosensors. This suggested that the GrOx/Pt-black nanocomposite facilitated an increase in electron transfer, and/or minimized mass transport limitations as compared to Pt-black used alone. Glucose microbiosensors based on GrOx/Pt-black exhibited high sensitivity (465.9±48.0 nA/mM), a low detection limit of 1 μM, a linear response range of 1 μM – 2 mM, and response time of ~4 s. Additionally the sensor was stable and highly selective over potential interferents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An aqueous media based approach for the preparation of a biosensor platform composed of graphene oxide and Pt-black

Shi

Zhang

Snyder

et al. 2012

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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“…The modification of the working electrodes using nanostructures can be constructed by either one of the following strategy separately or in combination: Direct electrostatic assembly, covalent linking, polymer entrapment, co-mixing, sol-gel and electro deposition 49 . With all these developments, DNA electrochemical biosensors appears as interesting analytical tools for the presence of carcinogens, drugs, mutagen, pollutants with binding affinities for DNA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Electrochemical DNA Biosensors-A Review

2015

Chem Sci Trans

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Electrochemical DNA biosensors are used widely due to its sensitivity, accessibility and accuracy. This electrochemical era in DNA biosensors took almost three decades for its development and application. Purine bases in the DNA namely guanine and adenine oxidizes at the working electrode during application of a positive potential. This property of DNA has been utilized in electrochemical DNA biosensors in various fields from the clinical diagnostics, biomedical, forensic applications till environmental studies. With the use of nanotechnology, various nanomaterials have been utilized over the past years in order to increase the sensitivity of the biosensor. A clear understanding on the DNA immobilization strategy is required for sensor preparation for its various applications. A detailed account on the initial developments till current scenario in electrochemical DNA biosensors have been provided in order to understand the basics of electrochemical DNA biosensor and its application in developing a DNA biosensor.

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“…Most electrochemical biosensors have two major components: the biorecognition element and the transduction element. Biorecognition elements include enzymes (for amperometric sensors (Gouveia-Caridade et al, 2008; Hrapovic et al, 2004; Kang et al, 2007; Salimi et al, 2004; Yao and Shiu, 2007; Zou et al, 2008)) and ionophores (for potentiometric sensors (McLamore and Porterfield, 2011; McLamore et al, 2009; Porterfield, 2007; Porterfield et al, 2009), and the transduction elements include the electrode and nanomaterials (Shi and Porterfield, 2011). Most biosensors function based on a two-step scheme: biorecognition and transduction (Shi and Porterfield, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial based self-referencing microbiosensors for cell and tissue physiology research

Shi

McLamore

Porterfield

2013

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Physiological studies require sensitive tools to directly quantify transport kinetics in the cell/tissue spatial domain under physiological conditions. Although biosensors are capable of measuring concentration, their applications in physiological studies are limited due to the relatively low sensitivity, excessive drift/noise, and inability to quantify analyte transport. Nanomaterials significantly improve the electrochemical transduction of microelectrodes, and make the construction of highly sensitive microbiosensors possible. Furthermore, a novel biosensor modality, self-referencing (SR), enables direct measurement of real-time flux and drift/noise subtraction. SR microbiosensors based on nanomaterials have been used to measure the real-time analyte transport in several cell/tissue studies coupled with various stimulators/inhibitors. These studies include: glucose uptake in pancreatic β cells, cancer cells, muscle tissues, intestinal tissues and P. Aeruginosa biofilms; glutamate flux near neuronal cells; and endogenous indole-3-acetic acid flux near the surface of Zea mays roots. Results from the SR studies provide important insights into cancer, diabetes, nutrition, neurophysiology, environmental and plant physiology studies under dynamic physiological conditions, demonstrating that the SR microbiosensors are an extremely valuable tool for physiology research.

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Surface Modification Approaches for Electrochemical Biosensors

Cited by 18 publications

References 96 publications

An aqueous media based approach for the preparation of a biosensor platform composed of graphene oxide and Pt-black

An aqueous media based approach for the preparation of a biosensor platform composed of graphene oxide and Pt-black

Development of Electrochemical DNA Biosensors-A Review

Nanomaterial based self-referencing microbiosensors for cell and tissue physiology research

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