Surface Modification Enhances Osteoblast Behavior and Bone Formation on Thin Hydroxyapatite Layers Deposited Using a Novel Anodization-Hydrothermal Treatment on Commercially Pure Titanium Endosseous Implants

Physicochemical properties of anodized-hydrothermally treated titanium with a nanotopographic surface structure promote osteogenic differentiation in dental pulp stem cells

“…Moreover, we demonstrated that macrophage adhesion to SA-treated c.p.Ti surfaces and surface-specific expression of osteogenic growth factors play key roles in the processes of osseointegration [25,52,53]. We speculate that cells, such as macrophages, but not undifferentiated adherent osteoprogenitor cells that are present on SA-treated c.p.Ti implants contribute to early osteoinductive signals during early wound healing [22,[25][26][27][28]32,52,53]. SA-treated c.p.Ti surfaces promote early osteoconduction that is compatible with new bone tissue [24].…”

“…Previous studies have shown that discharge anodic oxidation followed by hydrothermal treatment (spark-discharged anodic oxidation [SA]) coats c.p.Ti implants (SA-treated c.p.Ti) with a highly crystalline, thin hydroxyapatite (HA) layer of an anodic titanium oxide film that provides a suitable nanotopographic structure for clinical oral implants [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies confirmed that SA treatment induced a coating that promoted good bone conduction, early bone matrix mineralization, and high adhesive strength when paired with a c.p.Ti substratum [20,22,24,26,27,29]. Moreover, the topography, including HA crystals and anodic titanium oxide film, provides a porous microstructure to the SA-treated c.p.Ti surface, which effectively induced mineralized accretion in simulated body fluid and beagle jaw bone body fluid models [20,28].…”

“…Moreover, the topography, including HA crystals and anodic titanium oxide film, provides a porous microstructure to the SA-treated c.p.Ti surface, which effectively induced mineralized accretion in simulated body fluid and beagle jaw bone body fluid models [20,28]. This suggests that the chemical and physical properties of SAtreated c.p.Ti surfaces enhance extracellular bone matrix mineralization at the implant-bone tissue interface during the early stages of wound healing [20,24,[26][27][28].…”

Advances in calcium phosphate coatings - anodic spark deposition: a review

“…Further cellular work with hydrothermal treatment in steam at 300ºC for 2 hours, as in Ishizawa's method, was carried out by Takebe and others (5,23,24,36,69,73,74) using 0.01M beta-GP and 0.15M CA as the electrolyte during anodization. Using murine spleen cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, no influence was observed in terms of LPS-induced proliferation of lymphocytes or LPS-induced IL-1α production between the treated AOFCP, AOFCP plus hydrothermal treatment and the untreated titanium cultured for up to 66 hours (23).…”

“…Additionally, the electrolyte concentrations during anodization do not reflect the refined values attained by Ishizawa and associates. In both (25) and (42) studies, the electrolyte was 0.03M beta-GP and 0.06M CA as in (75), and although initial work by Ishizawa (21) recommended this concentration, Takebe and others consistently describe using 0.01M beta-GP and 0.15M CA as the electrolyte medium (5,23,24,36,69,73,74). Clearly, altering the anodization voltage or concentration (and type) of the electrolytes will influence cellular responses as well as the mechanical properties.…”