Surface modification of aircraft used composites for adhesive bonding

Encinas, N.; Oakley, Brietta; Belcher, Marcus A.; Blohowiak, Kay Y.; Dillingham, R. G.; Abenójar, J.; Martínez, M. A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2014.01.004

Cited by 122 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…2 By means of the atmospheric pressure plasma pre-treatment, the fluorine residues on the surface could be reduced (for some samples significantly), but with the selected plasma parameters the contamination could not be removed completely. Regarding the plasma treatment, a similar results was found by Encinas et al [27], whereby it unclear which peel ply or release agent was used for the manufacturing of their laminates.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Investigation of fluorine-based release agents for structural adhesive bonding of carbon fibre reinforced plastics

Thull

Zimmer²,

Hofmann³

et al. 2019

Appl Adhes Sci

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IntroductionAdhesive joining is increasingly used in many industries because of the advantages it provides compared to conventional structural joining methods (e.g. riveting). This applies in particular to fibre-reinforced composites, as a rivet hole interrupts the fibres and thus weakens the mechanical properties of the laminate. In aerostructures, adhesive bonding is applied in metal-to-metal joints, composite-to-composite joints and composite-to-metal joints both for assembling parts and for patch-repairing.The quality of a bonded joint depends on the adhesive, the manufacturing process, the environmental and loading conditions, as well as from the surface of the substrates to be joined. The surfaces of CFRP components to be joined by adhesive bonding are often textured surfaces resulting from the used peel plies during production or mechanical pre-treatment such a sanding or milling. AbstractPeel plies can be used during the manufacture of fibre-reinforced plastics for two reasons: to protect the surface during transport and storing the parts as well as during subsequent work steps, such as adhesive bonding, the removal of the peel ply can result in bondable surface with required surface characteristics. However, the use of peel plies is not straightforward. It can be difficult to remove peel plies and a surface produced by a peel ply is altered in terms of roughness and elemental composition. In the present work, the influence of fluorine-based release agents on adhesive joining of carbon fibre reinforced composites is investigated. Within the scope of the screening, 14 fluorine-based release agents-ETFE release films, PTFE coated glass fabrics as well as fabrics made of PTFE fibres-were investigated. Preliminary studies (Meer, in: Deutscher Luft-und Raumfahrtkongress 2014, Augsburg, 2015 have shown that ETFE films have advantages in terms of adhesion. The study covers a number of aspects: the determination of the tear strength of the release agent by peel test; the determination of the element composition (XPS) and surface characteristics (SEM) before and after atmospheric pressure plasma pre-treatment, characterization the topology and the characterization of the adhesive strength by centrifugal adhesion test. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Investigation of fluorine-based release agents for structural adhesive bonding of carbon fibre reinforced plastics

Thull

Zimmer²,

Hofmann³

et al. 2019

Appl Adhes Sci

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show abstract

“…However, the poor dispersion of CF in pulp, interfacial properties between CF and pulp, and the mechanical properties of the resulting paper have been major issues with the use of carbon fiber-based paper, such that it is necessary to modify the CF. The previous studies have shown that acid oxidation, coupling agents, polymer resin coating, -ray irradiation, and plasma treatment can improve the CF surface (Zhou et al 2012;Encinas et al 2014). Acid oxidation (HNO3, H2SO4, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Nitrogen Plasma Modification and Waterborne Polyurethane Treatment of Carbon Fiber Paper Used for Electric Heating of Wood Floors

Song¹,

Yuan²,

Liu³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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The aim of this study was to improve the electrical resistivity, mechanical properties, and interfacial properties between the carbon fiber (CF) and cellulose of conductive paper containing 10% CF so as to better meet the demands for electric heating wood floors. With waterborne polyurethane (WPU) treatment and nitrogen plasma modification methods, the interfacial properties between CF and cellulose were improved dramatically. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) revealed that the plasma modification method reduced the C-H contents and introduced numerous polar groups onto the CF surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the CF modified by WPU and plasma had good adhesion with cellulose. The tensile index, tensile energy absorption index, and burst index of the paper were enhanced because of the plasma and WPU coating. The carbon fiber and WPU method presented good synergistic action with respect to mechanical properties and electrical resistivity, and the lowest electrical resistivity of conductive paper was reduced from 0.68 •cm 2 to 0.44 •cm 2 .

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“…17 The polar component of surface energy of the polymers is mainly responsible for the increase in the surface energy of the polymer due to the formation of polar functional groups on the surface of the polymers resulting in better adhesion characteristics. 15 Also, from the work by Kafi et al 18 and Encinas et al 19 it can be noted that both adhesion and work of adhesion increased after plasma treatment. The current work is in line with the findings of Kafi et al, 18 Noeske et al, 7 Thurston et al, 15 Encinas et al, 19 and the work of Bowditch and Shaw.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment for repair of polymer matrix composite for aerospace applications

Kumar

Gannarapu

Ullattil

et al. 2015

Journal of Composite Materials

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This paper investigates the repair of polymer matrix composites and validates the repair by static testing. Scarf repair is carried out on the laminates and cured under vacuum. It is observed that 80% of tensile strength is recovered due to this process. Therefore, this investigation highlights the significance of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on repair of graphite epoxy laminate. It is observed that the surface energy of graphite epoxy laminate has improved significantly due to atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment results in noteworthy increase in oxygen functionalities as detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as surface roughness as detected by atomic force microscopy. The improvement in adhesion properties is correlated with lap shear strength of adhesive bonded joints and mode of failure has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The plasma-treated laminates, when used for repair, provided an additional 12% in the tensile strength and thereby retaining a strength increase up to 92%.

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Surface modification of aircraft used composites for adhesive bonding

Cited by 122 publications

References 25 publications

Investigation of fluorine-based release agents for structural adhesive bonding of carbon fibre reinforced plastics

Investigation of fluorine-based release agents for structural adhesive bonding of carbon fibre reinforced plastics

Combination of Nitrogen Plasma Modification and Waterborne Polyurethane Treatment of Carbon Fiber Paper Used for Electric Heating of Wood Floors

Effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment for repair of polymer matrix composite for aerospace applications

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