Surface Modification of EN-C35E Steels by Thermo-Chemical Boronizing Process and its Properties

Yapar, U.; Arisoy, C. Fahir; Başman, Gökhan; Yeşilçubuk, S.A.; Şeşen, Mustafa Kelami

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.264-268.633

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Pertinently, steel components subject to the aforementioned treatment exhibit commendable tribological attributes, inclusive of heightened resistance against abrasive, adhesive, fatigue-induced, and corrosion-induced wear mechanisms [3]. It is worth underscoring that one of the cardinal merits intrinsic to this modality of fortification pertains to the remarkable augmentation in hardness exhibited by boride-reinforced steels, showcasing hardness values that span the range of 1600 to 2000 HV [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Registration of melting temperature at phase boundaries in melting powder mixtures

Smykova,

Ishkov,

Katasonov

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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An integral constituent of the induction surfacing process for parts hardening pertains to the thermal treatment of rigid alloy particulates and the flux contained within the surfacing amalgam. This scholarly exposition delineates the outcomes of a comprehensive investigation, oriented towards the quantification and simulation of thermal gradients at interphase boundaries within intricate amalgamations of melting and thermosetting powdery substrates. In order to monitor the thermal dynamics during induction surfacing, the application of the CA-microthermocouple methodology and the thermal indication technique utilizing self-propagating SHS-process compositions is posited. The study encompasses both computational simulations and the resolution of the unsteady-state heat conduction problem within the chosen model of composite contacting materials. The devised methodologies for the intricate tracking of thermal profiles during induction surfacing offer the capability to ascertain the temperatures at which the surfacing amalgam and its individual constituents undergo liquefaction, in conjunction with the temperature gradient exhibited by the surface of the targeted component. This facet holds marked significance in the context of optimizing the hardening regimen and ensuring the requisite attributes of the amalgamated materials post-fusion. The outcomes of this research bear practical relevance in industrial applications, wherein enhancements to the caliber and dependability of hardened components are sought, simultaneously facilitating the curtailment of production overheads.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Registration of melting temperature at phase boundaries in melting powder mixtures

Smykova,

Ishkov,

Katasonov

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Determination of some of the layer properties is possible originating from the layer types. Single-phase boride layer (Fe 2 B) is preferred in the industry [22]. Post-boriding processes can be applied to the substrate material without affecting the properties of borided layer negatively [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Kinetic Study of Thermochemically Borided Aisi 316l Stainless Steel

Başman

Arikan²,

Arisoy

et al. 2023

Journal of Scientific Reports-A

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Biomaterials are used in different parts of human body as replacement implants in medical applications. An implant material should have high biocompatibility, corrosion and wear resistance, and suitable mechanical properties in terms of safety and long-service period. There are only a few biocompatible implant materials: AISI316L stainless steel is one of the materials used in this type of applications. They have relatively poor wear resistance. Boriding being a thermochemical diffusion treatment is one of the processes to improve their wear resistance. Borides are formed by introducing boron atoms by diffusion onto a substrate surface and they are non-oxide ceramics and could be very brittle. The growth kinetics of boride layer is analyzed by measuring depth of layers as a function of boriding time within a temperature range. In this study, the effects of Ekabor-2 bath on formation mechanism and properties of boride layer in thermochemical diffusion boriding of AISI316L stainless steel were investigated. Different temperatures and durations were applied in boriding operations and hardness, optical microscopy, XRD, EPMA and SEM studies were performed to detect the properties of boride layers. It was found that thickness of boride layer increased with increasing temperature and time; the basic phase in the boride layer formed was Fe2B and FeB phase also formed. It was also found that surface hardness values of borided materials increased depending on temperature and time of boriding process; surface hardness values of borided materials are approximately 10 times higher than surface hardness values of non-borided AISI316L stainless steel and formation activation energy of boride layer is 149.3 kjmol-1.

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“…One basic advantage is that iron boride layers have extremely high hardness values (between 1600 and 2000 HV) [1]. The combination of a high surface hardness and a low surface coefficient of friction of the borided layer also makes a significant contribution in combating the main wear mechanisms: adhesion, tribooxidacion, abrasion, and surface fatigue [2][3][4][5]. In this study, the microstructure of the single phase layer (Fe2B) and the double phase layer (FeB + Fe2B) have been investigated at different temperatures by the powder-pack method on the surface of AISI 4150 and AISI M2 steel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Powder-pack Boriding Process: A Microstructure Comparison of Boride Layers Formed on AISI 4150 and M2 Steels

et al. 2018

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Boriding is a thermochemical treatment in which boron atoms are diffused into the surface of a workpiece and form borides with the base metal. One basic advantage is that iron boride layers have extremely high hardness values (between 1600 and 2000 HV) [1]. The combination of a high surface hardness and a low surface coefficient of friction of the borided layer also makes a significant contribution in combating the main wear mechanisms: adhesion, tribooxidacion, abrasion, and surface fatigue [2][3][4][5]. In this study, the microstructure of the single phase layer (Fe2B) and the double phase layer (FeB + Fe2B) have been investigated at different temperatures by the powder-pack method on the surface of AISI 4150 and AISI M2 steel.The powder-pack boriding process was conducted on cubic commercial samples of AISI 4150 and AISI M2 with a thickness of 5 mm. The samples were embedded in a closed in a closed cylindrical case (AISI 304L stainless steel) having a boron powder mixture inside with an average particle size of 30 µm. The boriding agent contained an active source of boron (B4C), an inert filler (SiC), and an activator (KBF4). The powder-pack boriding process was carried out in a conventional furnace under a pure argon atmosphere at 1223 and 1273 K for 8 h of exposure for each temperature. Once the boriding treatment was finished the container was removed from the furnace and slowly cooled to room temperature. The samples were cross-sectioned and resin-embedded for traditional metallographic preparation; the polished samples were etched in a 2% nital solution to observe the boride layer depths formed on the surface of AISI 4150 and AISI M2 steels. The boride layer depths and morphology were analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were collected on the surface of the borided AISI 4150 and M2 steels. Figure 1 shows the cross-sections of boride layers formed on the surface of AISI 4150 and AISI M2 steels at different temperatures and 8 h of exposure time. The resultant microstructure of a single-phase layer (Fe2B only) layers looks very dense, compact and homogenous, with sawtooth morphology. This particular morphology is ascribed to the presence of carbon and alloying elements in AISI 4150 (see Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b). Likewise, the formation of a double-phase layer (FeB + Fe2B) was revealed with a flat morphology (see Fig. 1c and Fig. 1d). This particular morphology is attributed to the presence of the alloying elements in the substrate of AISI M2 steel and can be explained by the existence of activated diffusion pathways in the Fe2B and FeB crystal lattices. It is known that the alloying elements modify the morphology of (FeB/Fe2B and Fe2B/substrate) interfaces and tend to concentrate at the tips of the boride needles by generating a flat morphology. The EDS analysis obtained by SEM at the (Fe2B/substrate) for the borided AISI 4150 steel is shown in Fig. 2a and for the borided AISI M2 steel is shown in Fig. 2b. The results of XRD st...

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Surface Modification of EN-C35E Steels by Thermo-Chemical Boronizing Process and its Properties

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Registration of melting temperature at phase boundaries in melting powder mixtures

Registration of melting temperature at phase boundaries in melting powder mixtures

A Kinetic Study of Thermochemically Borided Aisi 316l Stainless Steel

The Powder-pack Boriding Process: A Microstructure Comparison of Boride Layers Formed on AISI 4150 and M2 Steels

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