Surface Modification of Polyamides by Gaseous Plasma—Review and Scientific Challenges

Primc, Gregor

doi:10.3390/polym12123020

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Over the last decade, many efforts have been carried out to either increase or decrease the wettability of PTFE surfaces using plasma etching and nanotexturing. [ 7 ] For this, various types of plasma discharges such as plasma‐produced ion beam, [ 8,9 ] plasma jet, [ 10,11 ] capacitively coupled plasma (CCP), [ 12–14 ] inductively coupled plasma, [ 15 ] microwave plasma, [ 16 ] and so forth, were studied thoroughly. Different types of inert, as well as reactive gases like Ar, [ 9,13–15 ] O 2 , [ 10,16–18 ] Ar + O 2 , [ 8,19 ] He, [ 20 ] Air, [ 21 ] CF 4 , [ 22 ] and so forth, were introduced to physically and/or chemically modify the surface, eventually leading to the hydrophilic or superhydrophobic surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As oxygen plasma cannot chemically modify PTFE, the achieved superhydrophobicity was mainly due to the sputtering effects. In fact, recently Primc [ 7 ] carried out a review of some of the recent work on PTFE surfaces using gaseous plasma treatment. It is very much clear from this review paper that the final surface finish and the wettability after plasma treatment depend on numerous process parameters such as type of discharge, feed gas, working pressure, input power, treatment time, and so forth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrophobic to superhydrophobic and hydrophilic transitions of Ar plasma‐nanostructured PTFE surfaces

Pachchigar

Gaur

Amrutha

et al. 2022

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Production of superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by Ar plasma etching is challenging as it leads to defluorination, resulting in a hydrophilic surface. The effect of radiofrequency power, treatment time, impurity, and surface temperature on Ar plasma‐treated PTFE was investigated for producing a large‐area superhydrophobic PTFE surface. To avoid impurity and substrate temperature effects, a single electrode‐based arrangement with a sacrificial PTFE disc behind the specimen was used for plasma discharge. After 5 min treatment at 100 W, the surface became superhydrophobic (water contact angle = 156°) due to the formation of isotropic nanostructures. However, 30 min of plasma treatment caused severe chemical changes resulting in a hydrophilic surface (water contact angle = 14°). A yellowish layer was formed on the surface due to crosslinking, redeposition of fluorocarbon species, and iron impurities from the plasma system confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophobic to superhydrophobic and hydrophilic transitions of Ar plasma‐nanostructured PTFE surfaces

Pachchigar

Gaur

Amrutha

et al. 2022

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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“…The latter polyamide is the paramount class of engineering thermoplastic polymers and shows the most impressive material characteristics compared to other polymers used in the industry [ 3 ]. These materials have been extensively investigated for decades in several industrial fields, including the automotive, textile, packaging, electric and electronics, sports and oil and gas industries, due to their unique combinations of properties, such as excellent durability [ 4 ] and mechanical strength [ 5 ], high-temperature and chemical resistance [ 6 ], ease of processing and high melting point [ 7 ]. Especially in recent years, the demand for PA products has increased significantly to replace specific metal structures in the fields of power tools, automotive and power train systems [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Characterization of Hot-Pressed Polyamide 11 and 12: Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties

2021

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Chemically speaking, polyamide 11 (PA11) and polyamide 12 (PA12) have a similar backbone, differing only in one carbon. From an origin point of view, PA11 is considered a bioplastic polyamide composed from renewable resources, compared to oil-based PA12. Each of them has a number of advantages over the other, which makes their selection a challenging issue. Depending on the target application, diverse assessments and comparisons are needed to fulfill this mission. The current study addresses this research gap to characterize and compare PA11 and PA12 manufactured by the hot press technique in terms of their mechanical, thermal and durability properties for the first time, demonstrating their potential for future works as matrices in composite materials. In this regard, different characterization techniques are applied to the hot-pressed polymer sheets, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical performance of the PA11 and PA12 sheets is compared based on tensile tests and shore hardness measurement. The durability behavior of these two polyamides is evaluated in water and relative humidity conditions at different aging times. The experimental results show the ductile behavior of PA12 with respect to the quasi-brittle PA11. Both have a relatively small water and moisture gain: 1.5 wt% and 0.8 wt%, respectively. The higher crystallinity of PA12 (2.1 times more than PA11) with γ-phase is one of the leading parameters to achieve better mechanical and durability properties. The FTIR spectra displayed slight acid hydrolysis. Accordingly, absorbed water or moisture does not cause plasticization; thus, neither hardness nor dimension changes.

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“…Adhesion can be aided by removing unwanted layers from bonded surfaces, creating a new active surface by coating primers, and changing the surface activity [7,8]. These changes can be induced by mechanical methods, chemical (etching), and radiation: UV, X-ray, laser, electron beam, reactive gas exposure (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Adhesive Properties of Polyamide Modified with Friction Reducing Agents

Anasiewicz¹,

Kuczmaszewski²

2022

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Polyamide is a material used in various industrial sectors. In moving connections, in order to reduce friction between elements made of polyamide, lubrication is used or other substances reducing friction are added, such as molybdenum disulfi de. It can be hypothesised that improving the sliding properties of polyamide will adversely aff ect polyamide's ability to form eff ective adhesive bonds. An interesting question is whether a possible unfavourable change in adhesive properties of such modifi ed polyamide will signifi cantly infl uence the strength of adhesive bonds of this material. This paper analyses the adhesive properties of polyamide with respect to the strength of adhesive bonds. In order to verify the hypothesis, comparative tests of tensile shear strength of bonded doubleoverlap samples were carried out. Tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D3528. Samples were prepared using Polyamide PA6, PA6 -MoS 2 , PA6G + oil and EN AW 2024 aluminium alloy. The following technologies were used to prepare the surface prior to bonding: plasma, sol-gel and abrasive jet machining. The summary of the article indicates that adding friction reducing agents to polyamide does not signifi cantly aff ect the deterioration of its adhesive properties. Samples prepared with sandblasting achieved form 81.8% up to 114% higher shear strength than samples prepared with plasma and sol-gel treatments, disregard of added friction reducing agents to the adhered polyamide material. It is also interesting information of a utility character. A general conclusion can be formulated that the appropriate preparation of the polyamide surface, regardless of its material modifi cation with friction reducing agents, in the technologies analysed, particularly by sandblasting, can ensure satisfactory results of joining the polyamide by adhesive bonding.

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Surface Modification of Polyamides by Gaseous Plasma—Review and Scientific Challenges

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Hydrophobic to superhydrophobic and hydrophilic transitions of Ar plasma‐nanostructured PTFE surfaces

Hydrophobic to superhydrophobic and hydrophilic transitions of Ar plasma‐nanostructured PTFE surfaces

Comparative Characterization of Hot-Pressed Polyamide 11 and 12: Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties

Investigations of Adhesive Properties of Polyamide Modified with Friction Reducing Agents

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