Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles with Ethyl Oleate for the Purpose of Stabilizing Nanolubricants Used for Tribological Tests

Tóth, Álmos Dávid; Mike-Kaszás, Nóra; Bartus, Gábor; Hargitai, Hajnalka; Szabó, Ádám István

doi:10.3390/ceramics6020058

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…With continuous stirring, toluene evaporated from the lubricant sample in 16 h. After this, the final homogenization of the oil sample was carried out with an ultrasonic mixer for 15 min at a temperature of 50 • C. At the end of the ultrasonic mixing, the oil sample was homogeneous, stable, ready for tribometer tests and under continuous magnetic stirring until the start of the measurement. The authors described the process in more detail in a previous article and proved that the oils made with surface-modified nanoadditives using this method are homogeneous, form a stable dispersion and are suitable for tribometer tests [45].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Investigation of the Effect of Nanosized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Overbased Calcium Sulfonate

2023

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In this study, copper(II) oxide, titanium dioxide and yttrium(III) oxide nanoparticles were added to Group III-type base oil formulated with overbased calcium sulfonate. The nanosized oxides were treated with ethyl oleate surface modification. The tribological properties of the homogenized oil samples were tested on a linear oscillating tribometer. Friction was continuously monitored during the tribological tests. A surface analysis was performed on the worn samples: the amount of wear was determined using a digital optical and confocal microscope. The type of wear was examined with a scanning electron microscope, while the additives adhered to the surface were examined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. From the results of the measurements, it can be concluded that the surface-modified nanoparticles worked well with the overbased calcium sulfonate and significantly reduced both wear and friction. In the present tribology system, the optimal concentration of all three oxide ceramic nanoadditives is 0.4 wt%. By using oxide nanoparticles, friction can be reduced by up to 15% and the wear volume by up to 77%. Overbased calcium sulfonate and oxide ceramic nanoparticles together form a lower friction anti-wear boundary layer on the worn surfaces. The results of the tests represent another step toward the applicability of these nanoparticles in commercial engine lubricants. It is advisable to further investigate the possibility of formulating nanoparticles into the oil.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Investigation of the Effect of Nanosized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Overbased Calcium Sulfonate

2023

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“…After complete drying, the surface-modified nanopowder is ready to prepare lubricants. The authors presented the surface modification method in their previous article [37].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Investigation of the Effect of Nanosized CuO and TiO2 on a Base Oil Containing Komad 323 Dispersant

Szabó,

Marsicki,

Hargitai

2023

Preprint

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In this article, copper(II) oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were added to Group III base oil formulated with 8 wt% Komad 323 dispersant. The nanoparticles were treated with ethyl oleate surface modification. The tribological properties of the homogenized oil samples were tested on a linear oscillating tribometer with continuous monitoring of static friction. Friction absolute integral values were calculated from high data acquisition. The wear was evaluated using a digital optical and confocal microscope. The wear types were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, while the remaining additives were located and quantified with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The measurement results show that the CuO nanoparticles did not work well with the Komad 323 dispersant. As a result of their antagonistic effect, in the case of low CuO concentrations (≤0.3 wt%), the friction increased, while in the case of high concentrations (≥0.4%), surface fatigue caused a high wear rate. The cooperation between TiO2 and the dispersant showed synergistic effects. The oxygen-rich boundary layer formed on the worn surface with a titanium content of 0.33-0.39 norm.wt% provides both lower friction and high wear resistance.

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“…The main features of fatty acid esters that make this group of chemicals appealing to researchers from different industry sectors are their lubricating and emulsifying properties. For instance, fatty acid esters have found application as lubricants and surfactants in drilling fluids [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physicochemical Basis for the Production of Rapeseed Oil Fatty Acid Esters in a Plug Flow Reactor

Kosolapova,

Smal,

Pyagay

et al. 2024

Processes

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This article describes the results of a comprehensive comparative study of the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) for use as biodiesel in perfect mixing reactors (PMRs) and plug flow reactors (PFRs). The products obtained on a laboratory scale at all stages of the separation and purification of the FAEE phase were analyzed using the FTIR, XRF and GC-MS methods. We compared distillation methods for the separation of stoichiometrically excessive ethanol from the reaction mixture. Neutralization methods with H2SO4 solution and carbonation with CO2 were applied for FAEE phase purification from the catalyst. Emulsions formed during the water flushing stage were analyzed via the optical microscopy method. The optimal conditions of stirring speed and temperature were selected to maintain a high level of FAEE–water phase contact area with minimum phase separation time. The efficiency of the carbonation method for catalyst neutralization in the FAEE phase has been proven, allowing us to consider this method as an alternative to the traditional acid neutralization method. According to the results of experimental studies, we have developed a new high-performance technological scheme for the production of fatty acid esters in PFRs. The synthesis of FAEEs in a stoichiometric excess of ethanol of about 1:50 allowed us to increase the reaction rate and productivity of the synthesis unit after the transition from a PMR to a PFR. The yield of the product amounted to 86.7%. The purified FAEE fraction complied with most EN14214 specifications.

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Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles with Ethyl Oleate for the Purpose of Stabilizing Nanolubricants Used for Tribological Tests

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Tribological Investigation of the Effect of Nanosized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Overbased Calcium Sulfonate

Tribological Investigation of the Effect of Nanosized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Overbased Calcium Sulfonate

Tribological Investigation of the Effect of Nanosized CuO and TiO2 on a Base Oil Containing Komad 323 Dispersant

The Physicochemical Basis for the Production of Rapeseed Oil Fatty Acid Esters in a Plug Flow Reactor

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