Surface Modifications of Natural Fibers for use in Preparation of Biocomposites

Abstract

This century has observed unusual improvements in green materials through the development of biocomposites due to anxieties about the atmosphere and sustainability issues. These biocomposites can be effectively disposed of at the final existence without harming the environment, which is impossible with man-made fiber-based polymer composites. The natural fiber is not a problem-free option, and they maintain some shortfall features that are the considerable moisture assimilation and very anisotropicity. This review paper intends to give a short outline of various surface modification methods to improve the fiber–matrix adhesion influencing the significant enhancement of the mechanical properties of the biocomposites.

Experimental investigation on strengthening of Zea mays root fibres for biodegradable composite materials using potassium permanganate treatment

“…The composite fibre bundle is broken up into smaller fibres as a result of the process known as fibrillation, which follows mercerization. Thus, the extraction of lignin and hemicellulose components as well as the degree of polymerization are all strongly impacted by alkaline processing 36 , 45 , 51 .…”

“…When natural fibre is thoroughly delignified using greater alkali concentrations, this can result in a weaker or damaged fibre. Beyond a specific optimal NaOH concentration, the composite's properties significantly decline 56 , 57 .…”

“…Potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) is employed in the majority of permanganate treatments 46 . The fibres are submerged in a potassium permanganate solution that has been dissolved in acetone or distilled water 57 , 61 . Natural fibre modification using KMnO 4 in water solution, as compared to modification in acetone, is better for industrial applications, kinder to the environment, and does not require dangerous organic solvents 35 .…”

“…In general, the permanganate treatment comes after the alkaline treatment 48 . One of the most efficient techniques used to enhance the binding at the fibre-polymer interface is the permanganate treatment that leads to changes in the macromolecular and crystallographic structure of the fibre composites as well as improved tensile characteristics, superior flexural strength, increased stiffness, and other attributes 4 , 6 , 15 , 40 , 42 , 51 , 56 . Rearrangement of microfibrils is facilitated by the delignification process that occurs during permanganate action; this improves crystallinity 29 , 44 .…”