Surface‐modified electrodes (SME)

Schreurs, Jpgm Jan; Barendrecht, E Embrecht

doi:10.1002/recl.19841030701

Cited by 37 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…Surface areas were calculated from the linear part of the BET plot according to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ͑IUPAC͒ recommendations. 55 Electrical conductivity.-The electrical resistance of the borondoped diamond powder was determined by placing a fixed quantity ͑ca. 30 mg͒ of powder inside a vertical glass tube ͑area 0.11 cm 2 ͒.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physicochemical and Electrochemical Properties of 100 and 500 nm Diameter Diamond Powders Coated with Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond

Swope

Swain

2008

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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There is a need for advanced, corrosion-resistant electrocatalyst support materials for use in fuel cells. To this end, electrically conducting diamond powder was prepared by depositing a layer of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond on 100 and 500 nm diam diamond powders. The doped layer was deposited by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition using an Ar-rich CH 4 /H 2 /Ar/B 2 H 6 source gas mixture. After coating, the 100 nm doped diamond powder had a specific surface area of 27 m 2 /g and an electrical conductivity of 0.41 S/cm. The 500 nm doped diamond powder had a specific surface area of 8 m 2 /g and an electrical conductivity of 0.59 S/cm after coating. The specific surface area of both powders decreased by ca. 50% after diamond coating due mainly to particle-particle fusion. The electrical measurements provided conclusive evidence for a doped diamond overlayer as the uncoated powders possessed no electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the fact that the electrical properties were unaltered by acid washing confirmed that the conductivity arises from the doped diamond overlayer and not any adventitious sp 2 carbon impurity on the particle surface, which is removed by such chemical treatment. Scanning electron microscopy images and Raman spectroscopy yielded further evidence in support of a nanocrystalline diamond overlayer. Both powders exhibited electrochemical responses for Fe͑CN͒ 6 3−/4− , Ir͑Cl͒ 6 −2/−3 , and Fe +2/+3 that were comparable to typical responses seen for high-quality, boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond thin-film electrodes. The electrochemical behavior of the powders was assessed using a pipette electrode that housed the packed powder with no binder. The 100 nm doped diamond powder electrodes were more plagued by ohmic resistance effects than were the 500 nm powder electrodes because of reduced particle contact. Importantly, it was found that the doped diamond powder electrodes are dimensionally stable and corrosion-resistant during anodic polarization at 1.4 V vs Ag/AgCl ͑1 h͒ in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 at 80°C. In contrast, glassy carbon powder polarized under identical conditions underwent significant microstructural degradation and corrosion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physicochemical and Electrochemical Properties of 100 and 500 nm Diameter Diamond Powders Coated with Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond

Swope

Swain

2008

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Covalent attachment of active molecules to graphite surfaces can be made via OH groups using cyanuric chloride, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine or chlorosilanes as intermediate reagents [43].…”

Section: Chemically Modified Electrodes and Supramolecular Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adsorption of polymers, poly(vinyl pyridine) or poly(acrylonitrile) either to coordinate metal atoms or to adsorb biopolymers has been used to prepare chemically modified electrodes for immobilization of enzymes either by physical or by chemical adsorption (carrier binding), cross-linking, and entrapping at lattice sites or in microcapsules [43]. A wide application of these types of electrodes has been made for electrochemical reactions ofbiological interest [44].…”

Section: Chemically Modified Electrodes and Supramolecular Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon Materials

Bolzán

Arvía

Bottani³

et al. 2008

Adsorption by Carbons

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“…In other cases suitable functional groups must be introduced by substitution or activation. Several excellent reviews on the chemical modification of electrodes have covered all possibilities in this respect [250][251][252][253][254]. For special emphasis, modification procedures are shown here that may play a role in electrochemical biosensor development on the basis of different electrode materials (Figure 14-16).…”

Section: Binding Of Biomolecules To Transducer Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%