1984
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(84)80024-8
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Surface modifiers for the promotion of direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c

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Cited by 324 publications
(107 citation statements)
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“…The cytochrome c case is noteworthy because at NEEs, well-resolved CVs are obtained in diluted solutions of the protein both with and without promoters such as 4,4Ј-bipyridyl typically used for promoting cytochrome c electrochemistry (99)(100)(101). These promoters are generally required to avoid adsorption/denaturation (83,102,103) of cytochrome c on the Au surface.…”
Section: Electroanalysis With Neesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cytochrome c case is noteworthy because at NEEs, well-resolved CVs are obtained in diluted solutions of the protein both with and without promoters such as 4,4Ј-bipyridyl typically used for promoting cytochrome c electrochemistry (99)(100)(101). These promoters are generally required to avoid adsorption/denaturation (83,102,103) of cytochrome c on the Au surface.…”
Section: Electroanalysis With Neesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In order to check the possibility to use DPV at NEEs for trace determinations even of those analytes which are "difficult" to determine, a series of tests were performed in solutions containing the redox protein cytochrome c. Really, the electrochemistry of cyt c has been studied widely; however the usual procedure to obtain the protein electrochemistry signal is to add to the cyt c solution a suitable promoter (typically 4,4 -bipy [18,19] or 4,4 -dipirydil sulfide [20,21] or others [22,23]) or to use electrodes modified with polyanionic coatings or membranes [13,24]; in both cases the modifier interacts with the protein and orient it in a way which favors the electron transfer. A couple of examples showing the possibility to avoid the use of the promoter has been published.…”
Section: Differential Pulse Voltammetry With Nees For Trace Analysesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…So, modified surfaces have been engineered by the use of suitable facilitators. These should contain a surface active group which will bind Á/adsorb to the electrode surface, as well as groups that may interact with some part of the protein and in this way encourage electron transfer to occur [9,10]. Compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorous atoms, which may interact with the electrode surface, have been used.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%