Surface morphology of a glow discharge electrode in a solution

Abstract

Phase-field modeling of three-phase electrode microstructures in solid oxide fuel cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 033909 (2012) Dynamic modelling and simulation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell used in vehicle considering heat transfer effects J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 4, 043107 (2012) Colloidal electroconvection in a thin horizontal cell. III. Interfacial and transient patterns on electrodes J. Chem. Phys. 137, 014504 (2012) Use of magnetite as anode for electrolysis of water J. Appl. Phys. 111, 124911 (2012) Additional information on J. Appl. Phys. This paper describes the surface morphology of a glow discharge electrode in a solution. In the experiments detailed in the paper, the effects of electrolysis time, solution temperature, voltage, electrolyte concentration, and surface area on the size of nanoparticles formed and their amount of nanoparticles produced were examined to study the surface morphologies of the electrodes. The results demonstrated that the amount of nanoparticles produced increased proportionally with the electrolysis time and current. When the voltages were below 140 V, surfaces with nanoparticles attached, called "Particles" type surfaces, were formed on the electrode. These surfaces changed and displayed ripples, turning into "Ripple" type surfaces, and the nanoparticle sizes increased with an increase in the amount of nanoparticles produced. In contrast, at voltages over 160 V, the surfaces of the electrodes were either "Random" or "Hole" type and the particle sizes were constant at different amount of nanoparticles produced. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics.

Excitation temperature of a solution plasma during nanoparticle synthesis

“…As reported previously, 16,19,22,23 the experimental setup consisted of two electrodes in a glass cell with a capacity of 300 ml. The cathode consisted of a metal wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm.…”

“…As reported by many researchers, 19,24 the electrical conductivity of the solution affects the plasma formation and nanoparticle synthesis. When the concentration of the electrolysis solution is low, the current decreases, and the plasma generation requires a high voltage owing to an increase in the solution resistance.…”

“…When the full-plasma electrode was used, infrared radiation radiated continuously at the electrode edge (b), and plasma emission was also centered on the edge (c) plasma. 18,19,22 The particle size tends to decrease with an increase in the applied voltage. Additionally, the SEM observation of the electrode after electrolysis at different voltages, shown in Figs.…”

“…14,15 Recently, a solution plasma has been applied to the synthesis of nanoparticles. The produced particle size and compositions were affected by the plasma conditions, such as the electrode shape, 16,17 voltage, 18,19 atmospheric pressure, 20 and material. 21 Previous reports indicated that the shape of the electrode affects the plasma conditions and obtained nanoparticles.…”

High-speed camera observation of solution plasma during nanoparticles formation

“…4 Additionally, contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) has been applied for producing Ni, Ti, Ag, and Au metallic nanoparticles using 1 mm-diameter wires. [5][6][7] When the anode is placed above the surface of an electrolyte in an Ar atmosphere and a high DC voltage is applied between the anode and an electrode immersed in the electrolyte, glow discharge occurs between the anode and surface of the electrolyte. An electrode under such conditions was named a "GDE" by Hickling and Ingram.…”