“…The use of photo-degradation to remove organic pollutants has attracted attention as an alternative approach in solving environmental problems and pollution control, as compared to other physical, chemical, and biological technologies [1,2]. Among the many candidate materials systems for photo-catalysis, TiO 2 has been the most promising candidate due to its good physical and chemical stability, low cost, superior photocatalytic performance and environmental friendliness [3,4]. However, due to the wide band gap of this material (3.2 eV), it will only absorb a narrow range of the solar spectrum and this leads to a low photocatalytic efficiency which is a concern for its practical application in photocatalytic decontamination [5].…”