Surface peculiarities of detonation nanodiamonds in dependence of fabrication and purification methods

Luminescent nanodiamonds for biomedical applications

“…Acid treatments: Hydrogen plasma treatment (Thoms et al 1994;Strother et al 2002;Knickerbocker et al 2003) -Nitric and sulphuric acid (Kong et al 2005a;Huang and Chang 2004;Liu et al 2008;Chao et al 2007;Ushizawa et al 2002) Annealing in hydrogen gas (Härtl et al 2004;Christiaens et al 2006;Saini et al 2008) -Nitric acid Huang et al 2008;Sushchev et al 2008;Mitev et al 2007) Water vapour treatment (Ando et al 1996a) -Hydrochloric acid (Kossovsky et al 1995;Mitev et al 2007) Borane (BH3) (Krüger et al 2006;Neugart et al 2007;Liang et al 2009;Zhang et al 2009b) -Perchloric acid (Xu et al 2005) -Potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid (Mitev et al 2007) -Sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate (Xu et al 2005) Annealing in:…”

“…Lithium Aluminum hydride (Hens et al 2008;Zheng et al 2009; -Ozone (Petrov et al 2007;Krüger et al 2006) -Air (Mochalin and Gogotsi 2009;Osswald et al 2006;Shenderova et al 2006;John et al 2003;Mitev et al 2007) ND ND Oxidation Reduction ND Fig. 2 A nanodiamond with a mixed composition of surface groups can be oxidised and terminated with oxygencontaining functional groups or reduced to produce a homogeneous hydrogen surface termination bead milling and sonication (Krüger et al 2005;Fu et al 2007;Faklaris et al 2008).…”

The chemistry of the surface of modified detonation nanodiamonds of different types

“…2) were characterized by the presence of the main absorption bands near 3600-3000 and 1620 cm -1 (OH groups), 3000-2800 cm -1 (CH x ), 1800-1700 cm -1 (CO), and 1400-700 cm -1 (N, CN, CO, CH groups, etc.). These bands are typical of the surface functional groups of UDD of other types [4,[19][20][21]. The main differences between the spectra of CH-7 and K-2 were the difference in the intensity of the 3000-2800 cm -1 band, the shape of the complex band at 1400-700 cm -1 , and the position and intensity of the 1800-1700 cm -1 band characterizing the configuration of surface C-O bonds (ketone groups, carboxyl anhydrides, and lactones [23]).…”

“…The main reason for this is the substantial influence of the "hard" chemical procedure used to extract MND from meteorites on the chemistry of the surface of particles [14][15][16][17]. A similar dependence of the composition of the functional coating on the surface of nanodiamonds on the procedure for their technological purification is also characteristic of synthetic UDD [18][19][20][21]. With meteorite diamonds, the situation is aggravated by the use of different extraction procedures in different research centers.…”

The Advantages of Polymer Composites with Detonation Nanodiamond Particles for Medical Applications

“…The purification of the diamond powder was done as follows: boiling in a solution of stoichiometrically calculated amounts of potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) in sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) at 100-115ºC, followed by several water washings and additional removing of metal impurities by and washing with water until pH=7. The prepared DND powder was characterized by FTIR-spectroscopy, oxidative titration, and pH-measurement as described in (Mitev et al, 2007). The high-magnification TEM micrograph indicates that the studied material consists of diamond nanoparticles whose sizes are below 10 nm.…”