Surface Phenomena: A Cornerstone of Iron and Steelmaking Processes.

Olette, M.

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.33.1113

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Some considerations concerning certain fundamental concepts have been made in the field of chemical engineering [2][3][4][5] as well as on the certain specific topics (such as fluid flows or surface phenomena) within metallurgy, [6,7] but the concept of process metallurgy and its aspects are rarely considered thoroughly from all the relevant perspectives-at least not very recently. [1] In Chipman's presentation, metallurgy is understood as a larger concept that consists of practical and theoretical aspects and includes consideration of different process stages from mineral dressing to applications as well as theoretical considerations from chemical and physical perspectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic Analysis on the Concept of Process Metallurgy and Its Application on the Modeling of the AOD Process

Heikkinen

Fabritius

Riipi

2010

Metall Mater Trans B

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EETU-PEKKA HEIKKINEN, TIMO FABRITIUS, and JAANA RIIPIThe criteria for evaluating the applied fields of science often are based on practical justifications such as functionality and applicability instead of objectiveness or truthfulness, which typically are emphasized in the more theoretical fields of science. The use of practical justifications is understandable when considering the value of an applied field of science, but it should be noted that this kind of approach leaves out some aspects that should be covered while considering the nature and meaning of the fundamental concepts of a certain field. This article analyzes the concept of process metallurgy from different perspectives and proposes a model that helps show the characteristic features and connections of the different aspects of the process metallurgy. Conceptual analysis was used to evaluate research concerning the modeling of the argon oxygen decarburization process, and it was concluded that holistic analysis of the fundamental concepts has certain advantages also on a practical level; it helps to visualize the connections among research, education, and practical applications as well as the links among different areas of research or education. With the awareness of these connections, it is easier to plan, visualize, and evaluate the research and its goals, methods, results, extent, and need for competence and to perceive the relations among the different areas of research as well as among the different researchers and to evaluate the validity of the research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic Analysis on the Concept of Process Metallurgy and Its Application on the Modeling of the AOD Process

Heikkinen

Fabritius

Riipi

2010

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…One of the most important boundaries to be considered in the metallurgy of steelmaking is the interface between molten steel and slag due to its influence on the kinetics of various phenomena taking place between the two phases (e.g. sulphur removal, inclusion transfer) 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the interfacial tension plays an essential role while considering the phenomena on the steel‐slag‐interface, it is equally important to be familiar with the surface properties of individual phases (i.e. surface tension) in order to understand the behaviour of different phases in the considered systems 3–5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modelling of Oxide Surface Tensions in Secondary Metallurgy and Continuous Casting

Heikkinen¹,

Riipi²,

Fabritius³

et al. 2010

steel research int.

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Two computational models were used to estimate the surface tensions of oxide systems containing SiO2, CaO, Na2O and Al2O3 as a function of temperature and composition. The compositions of the oxide melts were chosen to correspond to those of ladle slags in secondary metallurgy and to casting powders in continuous casting of steel. The first model uses Butler's equation to calculate the surface tensions of the multicomponent melts and is based on Tanaka et al.'s consideration of the ionic radii of the components as well as surface tensions and molar volumes of pure components. In the second model the same ionic radii dependent contribution is applied as activity coefficients to a constrained free energy model where the surface layer is considered as a separate phase in the system. In the model, the constrained interfacial area is analogous with a component mass balance in a traditional computation of a multiphase chemical equilibrium and surface energy with the corresponding chemical potential. Based on the results it is concluded that the effect of temperature on the surface tensions of the considered oxide melts is insignificant when compared to the effect of chemical composition. According to the validation the results agree well with published surface tension data. The multi‐component surface tension approach provides a practical method for evaluation of e.g. functioning of various casting powders in industrial steel casting practice.

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“…Thermodynamic and kinetic phenomena at the gas-solid, gas-liquid, solid-liquid, liquid-liquid and liquid 1-liquid 2-solid interfaces are pervasive in iron and steel making. Olette (1993) expressed this succinctly in the title of his Yukawa Memorial Lecture, 'Surface phenomena: a cornerstone of iron and steel making processes', in which he discussed several important examples where interfacial behaviour is a determining factor. Studies of Marangoni effects in particular have been reviewed by Hammerschmid (1987) and, more recently, by Mukai (1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of pulsating Marangoni phenomena during the local oxidation of deoxidized liquid steel

Belton

Evans

Strezov

1998

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Seri

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Studies have been made by means of a high-speed video technique of the surface of Al-Si-Mn deoxidized liquid steel at about 1600 • C during local reoxidation by gently impinging flows of CO 2 -containing gases. Expanding 'necklaces' of alumina oxidation product have been observed to form at frequencies of up to about 5 Hz and to travel at velocities of up to 250 mm s −1 near to the gas inlet tube, depending on the experimental conditions. The pulsation frequency appears to be controlled by the rate of diffusion of aluminium to the surface. The effects of additions of the surfactants sulphur and selenium on the velocity of the moving front are shown to be consistent with the processes being surface tension driven.

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Surface Phenomena: A Cornerstone of Iron and Steelmaking Processes.

Abstract: Phenomena, a real "cornerstone", in pyrometallurgical processes involved in steel production.

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Holistic Analysis on the Concept of Process Metallurgy and Its Application on the Modeling of the AOD Process

Holistic Analysis on the Concept of Process Metallurgy and Its Application on the Modeling of the AOD Process

Computational Modelling of Oxide Surface Tensions in Secondary Metallurgy and Continuous Casting

Observations of pulsating Marangoni phenomena during the local oxidation of deoxidized liquid steel

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