Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Temperature Sensor with Outer Surface Metal Coating on Multi-Core Photonic Crystal Fibre

Abstract

We report an innovative design of a multi-core photonic crystal fibre-based surface plasmon resonance temperature sensor using ethanol and benzene as temperature-sensitive materials with a segmented outer-surface metal coating scheme. A stable sensing performance for a detection range of 10–80 ∘ C was found while using ethanol as the temperature-sensitive material; while using benzene both blue and red frequency shifts were observed. The maximum temperature sensitivities obtained from this proposed temperature sensor were 360 pm/ ∘ C and 23.3 nm/ ∘ C with resolutions of 2.78 × 10 − 1 ∘ C and 4.29 × 10 − 3 ∘ C, respectively, when using ethanol or benzene as the sensing medium.

Simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index based on an SPR Silicon core fiber sensor with a fused silica grating design

“…It is higher than that of previous publications [20][21], which is contributed to the higher thermal expansion and TOC of silicon material used as transmission core. A detailed description of the sensor design and numerical modeling analysis are given in the next section, followed by an interpretation of the influences of several structural variables on the sensor performance.…”

Statistical Modelling of Photonic Crystal Fibre Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Resonant Peak Wavelength for Tolerance Studies

“…The entire fibre cross-section radius was considered to be . A perfectly matched layer (PML) of thickness was added to the sensor structure design to absorb incident radiations without producing any back reflections [ 4 ]. The fused silica was used as the background material in this HC-PCF-based SPR sensor and its wavelength-dependent RI equation was calculated by the Sellmeier equation [ 27 ] where is the RI of the fused silica, is the incident light wavelength and it is measured in .…”

“…The periodic cladding structure of these PCFs gives them a photonic band-gap that restricts light inside the hollow-core or core filled with analytes having lower refractive index (RI). A key advantage of PCFs is that optical characteristics, such as confinement loss, dispersion and non-linearity can be influenced by varying their structural parameters [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The air-holes in the cladding can also be filled with biological and chemical analytes in gaseous or liquid forms.…”

“…The SPR phenomenon always occurs in HC-PCF sensors at the RPW [ 2 ]. This is the wavelength at which the real part of the effective refractive indices ( ) of fundamental core mode and surface plasmon mode are reaching the same value [ 4 ]. This wavelength is very sensitive to the RI of the sensing analytes and their variations, hereby causing blue or red shifts to the confinement loss spectra obtained from the PCF-based SPR sensor.…”

“…Moreover, it is good to evaluate the stability of the RPW for a HC-PCF-based SPR sensor with different tolerance levels of the variations of the PCF-SPR sensor structural parameters. In the literature [ 4 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], a brute-force method was typically used to investigate the tolerance level of the variations in the parameters on the sensing performances of the PCF-SPR sensors. This method lacks the ability to analyse the relationship between two or more parameters because of its one-parameter-at a-time optimisation and also results in high cost of time and computational analysis for finite element method (FEM) simulations.…”