Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor of CO2 for Indoors and Outdoors

Abstract

The ability to detect CO2 with the smallest possible devices, equipped with alarms and having great precision, is vital for human life, whether indoors or outdoors. It is essential to know if we are being subjected to this gas to establish the level of ventilation in factories, houses, classrooms, etc., and to be protected against viruses or dangerous gas concentrations. Equally, when we are in the countryside, it is useful to be able to evaluate if the greenhouse effect, caused by this gas, is increasing. We propose a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for the measurement of CO2 concentrations taking into account that the refractive index of carbon dioxide depends on temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. With our sensor we can measure (in air) in any type of environment and concentration. Our sensor has a resolution of 5.15 × 10−5 RIU and a sensitivity of 19.4 RIU−1 for 400 ppm.

Recent Developments in Plasmonic Sensors of Phenol and Its Derivatives

“…Moreover, regarding amplification of signals obtained by plasmonic materials, graphene-based nanostructure composites can significantly increase the sensitive detection of analytes up to fM [90]. Owing to their sensitivity and the selectivity of the spectral location of the refractive index, SPR-based optical sensors have been widely investigated in sensing applications such as mercury ion detection [8,91], CO 2 detection [1], and gas sensors [2]. Some special emphasis on plasmonic nanostructures has been developed for the fabrication of novel surfaces, exposing high SPR-based optical sensors for phenolic compounds, such as GNP impregnation in TiO 2 structure-assisted hydroquinone detection [24], Au-and tyrosinase-modified graphene oxide film-introduced detection of phenol [9], and polymeric film-based phenol determination [92].…”

“…Plasmonic resonance-based optical sensor technology has been considered to be an efficient method applied for sensing techniques of either indoor or outdoor carbon dioxide molecules [1], various gases [2], inorganic arsenic compounds [3], and pesticides [4]. Optical sensors have been known as simple analytical techniques to demonstrate numerous advantages such as facile design and effective detection, leading to promising potential applications in environmental metal ion monitoring [5].…”

Highly sensitive ultra-thin optical CO2 gas sensors using nanowall honeycomb structure and plasmonic nanoparticles

“…Pérez-Ocón et al (2021) introduced a highly sensitive SPR CO 2 sensor, which senses the concentration in air and any type of environment with a resolution of 5.15 × 10 −5 RIU and sensitivity of 19.4 RIU −1 for 400 ppm (Pérez-Ocón et al, 2021).…”

Special Issue on Optical Sensors and Gauges Based on Plasmonic Resonance

“…Pérez-Ocón et al [11] present the design of two sensors, one for the continuous measurement of sucrose concentration with sensitivities of 11.9-5.7 RIU −1 and resolutions of the order of 10 −4 RIU; this sensor is capable of measuring sucrose concentrations of up to 78 BRIX, that no plasmonic sensor has so far been capable of measuring. The other sensor [15] measures CO 2 concentrations with a resolution of 10 −5 RIU. This new sensor, due to its sensitivity and resolution, along with its diminutive size, could be integrated into an electronic nose and used on spacecraft, the International Space Station, or even commercial flights.…”