2024
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72805-1
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Surface polarization profile of ferroelectric thin films probed by X-ray standing waves and photoelectron spectroscopy

Le Phuong Hoang,
Irena Spasojevic,
Tien-Lin Lee
et al.

Abstract: Understanding the mechanisms underlying a stable polarization at the surface of ferroelectric thin films is of particular importance both from a fundamental point of view and to achieve control of the surface polarization itself. In this study, we demonstrate that the X-ray standing wave technique allows the surface polarization profile of a ferroelectric thin film, as opposed to the average film polarity, to be probed directly. The X-ray standing wave technique provides the average Ti and Ba atomic positions,… Show more

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