Surface Potential/Charge Sensing Techniques and Applications

Abstract

Surface potential and surface charge sensing techniques have attracted a wide range of research interest in recent decades. With the development and optimization of detection technologies, especially nanosensors, new mechanisms and techniques are emerging. This review discusses various surface potential sensing techniques, including Kelvin probe force microscopy and chemical field-effect transistor sensors for surface potential sensing, nanopore sensors for surface charge sensing, zeta potentiometer and optical detection technologies for zeta potential detection, for applications in material property, metal ion and molecule studies. The mechanisms and optimization methods for each method are discussed and summarized, with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of different techniques and experimental guidance for applications in surface potential-based detection.

Chemically Induced Surface Potential Modulation at Pd|Al2O3|Graphene Field Effect Transistors: Implications for Enhanced H2 Sensing

“…Al 2 O 3 , considered to be a good dielectric with very low leakage current, − is used in GHFET. Pd is chosen as a, FM, where Pd reacts reversibly with H 2 gas ,, and causes the SPM at the Pd|Al 2 O 3 interface. The GHFET devices are fabricated in this study with Pd layer thickness of 2 nm.…”

“…For a conductive FM, capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurement in FM|dielectric|metal structures can also be used to measure SPM from the voltage shift . In ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET), the SPM is measured from the change in feedback voltage that maintains a constant device current . The SPM in graphene field effect transistor (GFET) based chemical sensors can be measured from the shift of Dirac voltage with electroyte gating. , However, liquid gate perturbs the SPM measurement by a charge screening mechanism in the GFET. − …”

“…As a result, there has been tremendous demand in the developing of H 2 gas sensors to fulfill societal needs. Palladium (Pd) possesses superior hydrogen adsorbability at room temperature, and it desorbs hydrogen reversibly. ,, During the adsorption and desorption process, the chemical potential of the Pd is modulated. Hence, Pd is chosen as an FM in the GHFET.…”

“…13 The SPM in graphene field effect transistor (GFET) based chemical sensors can be measured from the shift of Dirac voltage with electroyte gating. 13,14 However, liquid gate perturbs the SPM measurement by a charge screening mechanism in the GFET. 15−17 In this article, we demonstrate the methodology of measuring SPM at FM|dielectric (D) interface using graphene-heterostructure-field-effect-transistor (GHFET) made of FM|D|graphene.…”

Computer Simulation of a Surface Charge Nanobiosensor with Internal Signal Integration

“…Surface potential and surface-charge-sensing biomolecular techniques have attracted a wide range of research interest in recent decades [18][19][20][21]. The ionized states of molecular analytes on solid surfaces are neither well-studied nor understood.…”