Surface Processing Using Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas

Dowling, Denis P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-096532-1.00408-8

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…5. Collisions with electrons and ions in the plasma break down the precursor gas molecules to form reactive species that accumulate on a surface, forming a plasma polymer if the precursor gas contains some hydrocarbon component (Dowling 2014). The plasma polymer which is formed on the surface is different from conventional polymers as it contains Fig.…”

Section: Polymerizing Plasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma treatments of dressings for wound healing: a review

Eswaramoorthy

McKenzie

2017

Biophys Rev

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This review covers the use of plasma technology relevant to the preparation of dressings for wound healing. The current state of knowledge of plasma treatments that have potential to provide enhanced functional surfaces for rapid and effective healing is summarized. Dressings that are specialized to the needs of individual cases of chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers are a special focus. A summary of the biology of wound healing and a discussion of the various types of plasmas that are suitable for the customizing of wound dressings are given. Plasma treatment allows the surface energy and air permeability of the dressing to be controlled, to ensure optimum interaction with the wound. Plasmas also provide control over the surface chemistry and in cases where the plasma creates energetic ion bombardment, activation with long-lived radicals that can bind therapeutic molecules covalently to the surface of the dressing. Therapeutic innovations enabled by plasma treatment include the attachment of microRNA or antimicrobial peptides. Bioactive molecules that promote subsequent cell adhesion and proliferation can also be bound, leading to the recruitment of cells to the dressing that may be stem cells or patient-derived cells. The presence of a communicating cell population expressing factors promotes healing.

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Section: Polymerizing Plasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma treatments of dressings for wound healing: a review

Eswaramoorthy

McKenzie

2017

Biophys Rev

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“…Heat-sealed polymer trays are widely used for packaging food products, particularly meat and fish [25]. The advantage of plasmas pre-treating the polymers prior to heat sealing is a reduction in the required sealing temperature to achieve full bond strength [71]. For example, treatment of amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (APET) polymer used in food packaging using an atmospheric He plasma yielded up to a 25-fold increase in the heat-sealed polymer peel strength, compared to that obtained for the untreated polymer [25].…”

Section: Heat-sealingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It refers to the deposition of polymer films through plasma dissociation due to the excitation of an organic monomer gas and subsequent deposition and polymerisation of the excited species on the surface of a substrate [3]. The process of plasma polymerisation involves reactions between plasma species, between plasma and surface species, and between surface species [71]. In plasma polymerisation, the transformation of lowmolecular weight molecules (monomers) into high-molecular-weight molecules (polymers) is achieved due to the effect of energetic plasma species such as electrons, ions and radicals [52].…”

Section: Plasma Coating Of Polymer Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Siloxane monomers provide a large number of possible reactants for plasma polymerisation reactions and are generally sufficiently volatile near room temperature, are nontoxic, nonflammable, commercially available, and exhibit safe handling besides being economical [71]. These compounds are preferentially used as monomers in low-pressure plasma deposition of silica (SiO 2 ) and non-stoichiometric SiOx films, whereby the latter may have varying hydrocarbon contents [75,76].…”

Section: Plasma Coating Of Polymer Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of at least one organic group attached to the silicon atom (e.g., Si-CH3) facilitates the transition between a 'soft' polymeric surface and SiO 2 by controlling the deposition process conditions. The carbon-silicon bond is very stable, nonpolar, and in the presence of an alkyl group it gives rise to low surface energy and hydrophobic effects [71].…”

Section: Plasma Coating Of Polymer Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Processing for Tailoring the Surface Properties of Polymers

Abourayana¹,

Dowling²

2015

Surface Energy

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This chapter details how plasma treatments can be used to tailor the wettability of polymers. A plasma is an excited gas, and exposure of a polymer to a plasma discharge generally results in an enhancement in surface energy and associated with this is an increase in wettability. The effect however can be short lived due to hydrophobic recovery. In this review the use of both low and atmospheric plasmas for the activation of polymers will be discussed, as will the use of these plasmas for the deposition of plasma polymerised coatings. The latter can be used to produce polymer surfaces with tailored functionalities, thus achieving stable water contact angles ranging from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic, as required.This review briefly introduces plasmas and plasma processing and includes an overview of typical plasma treatment sources. This is followed by a review of the use of plasma discharges to treat polymers and in particular to enhance their surface energy, which is important for example in achieving enhanced adhesive bond strength. The final section of this chapter focuses on the deposition of plasma polymerised coatings and how these can be used to tailor both surface chemistry and morphology. Thus the wettability of polymer surfaces can be controlled.

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Evaluation of the protective performance of hydrophobic coatings applied on carbon-fibre epoxy composites

O'Connor

Dowling

2019

Journal of Composite Materials

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Carbon–fibre epoxy composites are widely used for high-performance structural applications, where they are often exposed to harsh environments. The result of moisture ingress has been extensively studied, causing significant deterioration in the mechanical properties of these composites. This study evaluates the performance of five commercial hydrophobic coatings as protective layers, to inhibit moisture ingress into the composite. The coatings evaluated were NeverWet, HydroBead, SHC, Aculon and LiquidGlass. These coatings were characterised and compared in terms of hydrophobicity, surface energy, roughness and chemical composition. This study also evaluated two atmospheric plasma pre-treatments as a means of enhancing the adhesion performance of these coatings. The pre-treatments involved the use of an air plasma for the activation of the epoxy, as well as the plasma deposition of a nanometre thick SiOx interlayer coating. The durability and protective performance of the coatings, with and without the pre-treatments were then compared using an abrasion test as well as a water immersion study. The use of both plasma pre-treatments was found to enhance the adhesion and the abrasion performance of four out of the five coatings. Of the coatings and pre-treatments investigated, the LiquidGlass in conjunction with a SiOx-coating interlayer was found to exhibit the highest abrasion resistance. This was followed by the composite, which was plasma activated prior to the application of the Aculon coating. Only minor differences were observed when comparing the total moisture ingress (M%) of the epoxy, coated with the different hydrophobic layers. The composite coated with the Aculon and SiOx interlayer exhibited the least amount of moisture ingress, at 0.90%, compared to 1.08% of the uncoated specimen. The shear strength of epoxy composite, coated with the LiquidGlass, NeverWet and the activated Aculon combination, were within the range of the uncoated specimens, therefore the moisture ingress was reversible upon heating and no permanent damage to the epoxy–fibre interface was observed. It is concluded that, of the five coatings investigated, both the Aculon coating and LiquidGlass in combination with a SiOx interlayer coating, exhibit the greatest potential as protective layers for carbon fibre epoxy composites.

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Surface Processing Using Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas

Cited by 5 publications

References 72 publications

Plasma treatments of dressings for wound healing: a review

Plasma treatments of dressings for wound healing: a review

Plasma Processing for Tailoring the Surface Properties of Polymers

Evaluation of the protective performance of hydrophobic coatings applied on carbon-fibre epoxy composites

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