Surface Properties of Poly(Hydroxyurethane)s Based on Five-Membered Bis-Cyclic Carbonate of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A

Abstract

Poly(hydroxyurethane)s (PHU) are alternatives for conventional polyurethanes due to the use of bis-cyclic dicarbonates and diamines instead of harmful and toxic isocyanates. However, the surface properties of poly(hydroxyurethane)s are not well known. In this work, we focus on the analysis of the surface properties of poly(hydroxyurethane) coatings. Poly(hydroxyurethane)s were obtained by a catalyst-free method from commercially available carbonated diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (Epidian 6 epoxy resins) and various diamines: ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, putrescine, hexamethylenediamine, 2,2,4(2,4,4)-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, m-xylylenediamine, 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane, 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine, and isophorone diamine, using a non-isocyanate route. The structures of the obtained polymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed. The rheological characteristic of the obtained polymers is presented. The static contact angles of water, diidomethane, and formamide, deposited on PHU coatings, were measured. From the measured contact angles, the surface free energy was calculated using two different approaches: Owens–Wendt and van Oss–Chaudhury–Good. Moreover, the wetting envelopes of PHU coatings were plotted, which enables the prediction of the wetting effect of various solvents. The results show that in the investigated coatings, a mainly dispersive interaction occurs.

The Influence of Starch Origin on the Properties of Starch Films: Packaging Performance

“…Thus, one of the fundamental challenges is to reduce the effect of human and industrial activities on the natural environment. Nowadays, efforts are being made to find alternatives and ecological substitutes for currently known polymers [ 7 ] and plastic packaging, and as a solution starch films may be used [ 8 ]. Starch is a biopolymer, degradable by microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and enzymes [ 9 ].…”

Polypropylene/Lignin/POSS Nanocomposites: Thermal and Wettability Properties, Application in Water Remediation

“…In the testing process, double-sided tape attached the fibres to a glass slide, paved in the form of a plane [ 42 ]. Surface energies of the three samples were calculated based on the Owens–Wendt–Rabel–Kaelble (OWRK) method using three different liquids: water, ethylene glycol, and ethanol [ 21 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Latest Advancements in the Development of High-Performance Lignin- and Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesive for Wood Composites

“…An additional benefit of the polyaddition method is the utilization of environmentally sustainable bio-based resources and the fixation of carbon dioxide. Moreover, syntheses can be conducted without the requirement of catalysts or solvents [53][54][55][56]. Consequently, the resulting polymeric hybrid materials exhibit enhanced chemical resistance against organic solvents.…”

“…However, as summarized in Table 1, conflicting findings are found on the water absorption of NIPU in comparison to normal PU [12,38,43,46,57]. It is noteworthy that Nanotech Industries, Inc. holds the distinction of being the pioneering entity for effectively implementing NIPUs [3,[56][57][58]. The company holds a patent for Green PolyurethaneTM, a commercially available product that is free from phosgene and isocyanate [56].…”