Surface Roughness and Grain Size Variation When 3D Printing Polyamide 11 Parts Using Selective Laser Sintering

Tonello, Riccardo; Conradsen, Knut; Pedersen, David Bue; Frisvad, Jeppe Revall

doi:10.3390/polym15132967

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In the field of SLS, semicrystalline polymers are far more researched and utilized in applications due to their increased mechanical performance compared to amorphous polymers, mostly in the form of PA12 or PA11 [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Due to their increased part densities, these semicrystalline polymers typically show enhanced strength and durability compared to the amorphous ones, which makes them favorable for a wide range of practical applications.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Sintering of Cyclic Olefine Copolymer for Low Dielectric Loss Applications

Romeis,

Ehrngruber,

Drummer

2024

Polymers

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With increasing demands for data transfer, the production of components with low dielectric loss is crucial for the development of advanced antennas, which are needed to meet the requirements of next-generation communication technologies. This study investigates the impact of a variation in energy density on the part properties of a low-loss cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) in the SLS process as a way to manufacture complex low-dielectric-loss structures. Through a systematic variation in the laser energy, its impact on the part density, geometric accuracy, surface quality, and dielectric properties of the fabricated parts is assessed. This study demonstrates notable improvements in material handling and the quality of the manufactured parts while also identifying areas for further enhancement, particularly in mitigating thermo-oxidative aging. This research not only underscores the potential of COC in the realm of additive manufacturing but also sets the stage for future studies aimed at optimizing process parameters and enhancing material formulations to overcome current limitations.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Sintering of Cyclic Olefine Copolymer for Low Dielectric Loss Applications

Romeis,

Ehrngruber,

Drummer

2024

Polymers

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“…As a result, actuated shape deformations obtained by 2D–3D or 3D–4D transformations of external stimuli can also be precisely controlled, providing an easy manufacturing tool for engineers in different fields. Three-dimensional printing technologies in use today include direct ink writing (DIW) [ 216 , 217 , 218 , 219 ], fused deposition modeling (FDM) [ 220 , 221 , 222 ], stereolithography (SLA) [ 223 , 224 ], and selective laser sintering (SLS) [ 225 , 226 ] ( Figure 26 ). Printing inks for 3D printing can be prepared by reacting CLC oligomers with chain extenders and crosslinking agents.…”

Section: Advanced Optical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Typical 3D printing technology: direct ink writing (DIW), fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereo-lithography (SLA), and selective laser sintering (SLS) [ 216 , 217 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 224 , 225 , 226 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Color Boundaries: Pioneering Developments in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Photonic Actuators

Zhang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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Creatures in nature make extensive use of structural color adaptive camouflage to survive. Cholesteric liquid crystals, with nanostructures similar to those of natural organisms, can be combined with actuators to produce bright structural colors in response to a wide range of stimuli. Structural colors modulated by nano-helical structures can continuously and selectively reflect specific wavelengths of light, breaking the limit of colors recognizable by the human eye. In this review, the current state of research on cholesteric liquid crystal photonic actuators and their technological applications is presented. First, the basic concepts of cholesteric liquid crystals and their nanostructural modulation are outlined. Then, the cholesteric liquid crystal photonic actuators responding to different stimuli (mechanical, thermal, electrical, light, humidity, magnetic, pneumatic) are presented. This review describes the practical applications of cholesteric liquid crystal photonic actuators and summarizes the prospects for the development of these advanced structures as well as the challenges and their promising applications.

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An experimental and numerical study of the influence of the additive manufacturing process in packing properties of particles: the printed shape matters

Friedrich,

Tan,

Briesen

et al. 2024

Granular Matter

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Investigations into the various properties of granular matter composed of particles with defined shapes have gained increasing attention. Additive manufacturing, with its freedom of shape and rapid prototyping capabilities, has significantly contributed to these studies. However, this technique may introduce defects in the manufactured particles, which can significantly affect the properties of granular materials. The extent of these defects on particles of different shapes is investigated here. Particles of various shapes (cube, octahedron, quatropod, stellated octahedron, tetrahedron, and tetrapod) were manufactured and subsequently imaged using micro-Computed Tomography. The surface roughness, solidity, and convexity of the particles were quantified. Discrete element simulations of granular bed porosity, utilizing both idealized and real particle shapes, were conducted with different surface mesh resolutions and frictional parameters. A clear influence of the manufacturing process on the packing properties of 3D printed particles was identified. This influence is not uniform across all shapes and is directly correlated with the particle convexity. For numerical simulations, a shape-dependent correction of particle density and surface characteristics are imperative for each shape under consideration, despite the fact that the particles were manufactured using the same technique and material. Graphic abstract

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Surface Roughness and Grain Size Variation When 3D Printing Polyamide 11 Parts Using Selective Laser Sintering

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Laser-Sintering of Cyclic Olefine Copolymer for Low Dielectric Loss Applications

Laser-Sintering of Cyclic Olefine Copolymer for Low Dielectric Loss Applications

Beyond Color Boundaries: Pioneering Developments in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Photonic Actuators

An experimental and numerical study of the influence of the additive manufacturing process in packing properties of particles: the printed shape matters

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