Surface segregation in Ni0.96Sb0.04

Parks, George D.

doi:10.1016/0378-5963(80)90120-8

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is in agreement with previous studies where the catalytic properties of nickel have been shown to be altered by antimony and tin additions. 20,30,39,[48][49][50] Dreiling and Schaffer 51 predicted that Sb would alter the catalytic behavior of Ni due to both geometric and electronic effects. Goldwasser et al 49 reported decreased H 2 and CO chemisorption on the Ni-Sb alloy and also attributed this to site blocking of nickel and weakening of the Ni-C bond.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Sulfur Poisoning of Ni/Zirconia SOFC Anodes by Antimony and Tin

Marina

Coyle

Engelhard

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Surface Sb/Ni and Sn/Ni alloys were found to efficiently minimize the negative effects of sulfur on the performance of Ni/zirconia anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Prior to operating on fuel gas containing low concentrations of H 2 S, the nickel/ zirconia anodes were briefly exposed to antimony or tin vapor, which only slightly affected the SOFC performance. During the subsequent exposures to 1 and 5 parts per million H 2 S, increases in anodic polarization losses were minimal compared to those observed for the standard nickel/zirconia anodes. Post-test x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that Sb and Sn tended to segregate to the surface of Ni particles, and further confirmed a significant reduction of adsorbed sulfur on the Ni surface in Ni-Sn and Ni-Sb samples compared to the Ni. The effect may be the result of weaker sulfur adsorption on bimetallic surfaces, adsorption site competition between sulfur and Sb or Sn on Ni, or other factors. The use of dilute binary alloys of Ni-Sb or Ni-Sn in the place of Ni, or brief exposure to Sb or Sn vapor, may be an effective means to counteract the effects of sulfur poisoning in SOFC anodes and Ni catalysts. Other advantages, including the suppression of coking, are also expected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Sulfur Poisoning of Ni/Zirconia SOFC Anodes by Antimony and Tin

Marina

Coyle

Engelhard

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Thus, a common practice to passivate the dehydrogenation activity of nickel is to introduce an antimony additive, which works by forming an alloy with nickel [103][104][105]. In the FCC environment, nickel cycles from an oxidized (+2) state in the regenerator to a reduced (zerovalent) state in the riser.…”

Section: Fcc Catalysts 2761mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Catalytic Cracking

Cheng¹,

Habib²,

Rajagopalan³

et al. 2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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The sections in this article are Introduction and Overview History FCC Today Position in a Modern Petroleum Refinery Environmental Issues FCC Unit Hardware and Operations Unit Types Heat Balance Modes of Operation Regeneration Mode—Partial Burn vs. Full Burn Resid Processing Petrochemical Mode (Light Olefins) FCC Feeds Sources and Trends Molecular Types Characterization Effects on FCC Unit Operation Conradson Carbon and Feed Heaviness Feedstock Composition Metals: Ni , V , Na and Fe Sulfur Nitrogen The Chemistry of Catalytic Cracking Carbocations Formation of Carbocations Isomerization Reactions CarbonCarbon Bond Breaking by Beta‐Scission Hydride Transfer (also Referred to as Hydrogen Transfer) Heteroatom Chemistry: Sulfur FCC Catalysts Description and Formulation Zeolite Component Zeolite Modifications Zeolite Activity and Selectivity Effects Matrix Commercial Matrices Effect of Matrix on Selectivity Characterization ZSM ‐5 Additives FCCU Environmental Emissions Controls Overview—Catalyst Versus Hardware Particulates Carbon Monoxide ( CO ) Sulfur Oxides ( SO x ) Nitrogen Oxides ( NO x ) Laboratory Evaluations and Pilot Plant Testing Accelerated Aging of Catalysts Simulation of Metals Poisoning Reactor Types—Fixed Bed vs. Fluid Bed vs. Transport Phase Temperature Profile and Isothermal vs. Adiabatic Testing Summary and Future Trends in Catalytic Cracking

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