Surface self diffusion and surface energy measurements on platinum by the multiple scratch method

Blakely, J. M.; Mykura, H.

doi:10.1016/0001-6160(62)90203-1

Cited by 132 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We nevertheless try to explain the observed behavior with the available data. Platinum exhibits a high surface energy of 2.3 N/m [24,25]. For rutile TiO 2 (110) no experimental values have been found in the literature.…”

Section: Surface Energies and Orientational Effects In Pbtio 3 Film Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture control of PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films with TiO2 seeding

Muralt

Maeder

Sagalowicz

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physics

265

131

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The nature and the role of 1 to 5 nm thick TiO 2 seed layers for the growth of textured PbTiO 3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 thin films on textured Pt(111) thin film substrates have been studied. Under otherwise identical in situ sputter deposition process conditions, the PbTiO 3 texture could be turned from (100) to (111) orientation by adding the seed layer. This is demonstrated by patterning the TiO 2 film. Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy showed that the seed layer was a continuous TiO 2 film. X-ray photoelectron diffraction measurements revealed epitaxial ordering in the seed layer. As there is no azimuthal order among the Pt grains, the reduced information of azimuthally averaged polar cuts is obtained. These give strong evidence for a strained rutile (110) structure. Various deposition experiments indicated that the TiO 2 is effective only when it is ordered before the PbTiO 3 nucleation starts. The epitaxial relationship between PbTiO 3 (111) and Pt(111) is thus mediated by the intermediate, epitaxial TiO 2 film, which is dissolved or transformed to PbTiO 3 afterwards. The observed growth behavior is discussed in terms of surface and interface energies.

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Section: Surface Energies and Orientational Effects In Pbtio 3 Film Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture control of PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films with TiO2 seeding

Muralt

Maeder

Sagalowicz

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physics

265

131

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“…Ruckenstein and Pulvermacher have solved equation (8) numerically to obtain an expression for the rate of change of overall surface area with time. This is equivalent to a growth law with the form of equation (1) …”

Section: Metal Particle Sintering Theoretical Treatments Of Sinteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and structure of supported metal catalyst particles

Harris¹

1995

International Materials Reviews

146

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“…(9) for constant temperature as applied in various experimental studies of surface evolution of stressed 7,24 and unstressed surfaces. [16][17][18][19][20] First, a brief literature survey of the typical values of the relevant parameters in Eq. (9) is presented, especially those pertaining to the thermal barrier systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of remote stresses, we go back to the case described by Mullins 15 where the surface always flattens through diffusion at high temperatures. The decay constant during corrugation smoothing [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] is now replaced by a "decay" or an "amplification" constant depending upon the surface undulation frequency. The terms in Eq.…”

Section: C͑xy͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical-potential gradient driving this volume diffusion would arise due to capillarity 15 and stress variations in the bulk produced by the sinusoidal surface morphology. Note that for unstressed solid surfaces, capillarity-induced volume fluxes, along with surface diffusion, have been used to predict the decay of surface corrugations by Blakely and co-workers, [16][17][18][19][20] Gjostein and Bonzel, 21 and Liau and Zeiger. 22 Recently, McCarty et al 23 have demonstrated that the smoothing of NiAl surfaces is controlled by the exchange of bulk vacancies with the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of surface waviness in thin films via volume and surface diffusion

Panat¹,

Hsia

Cahill³

2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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Deformation mechanisms involving mass transport by stress driven diffusion influence a large number of technological problems. We study the formation of undulations on surfaces of stressed films at high temperature by exploring the deformation kinetics governed by volume and surface diffusion. A governing equation is derived that gives the amplitude change of such surfaces as a function of time. A parametric study is then carried out using a range of practically important input values of the film material properties. The results show that at the dominant instability wavelength, under high average stresses (giga pascal range), only surface diffusion contributes to film surface morphology evolution whereas under low stress and high-temperature conditions, both surface diffusion and volume diffusion contribute to film surface morphology evolution. Furthermore, the contribution of volume diffusion depends on the sign of the film stress, with compressive stress promoting surface roughening and tensile stress promoting surface smoothing.

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Surface self diffusion and surface energy measurements on platinum by the multiple scratch method

Cited by 132 publications

References 9 publications

Texture control of PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films with TiO2 seeding

Texture control of PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films with TiO2 seeding

Growth and structure of supported metal catalyst particles

Evolution of surface waviness in thin films via volume and surface diffusion

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