Surface spectroscopy from ultrathin α-Sn films on CdTe(110)

Empty electronic states in low-energy absorbed current spectroscopy of NbSe2(0001) surface

“…(3) There are experimental errors associated with the formation of a collimated low-energy-electron beam, complete collection of the secondary electrons, deviation of the electron beam from the normal for the case of the faces being oriented with error, and with the high surface sensitivity of ACS, which is determined not only by the small depth of the region under study but also by a strong influence of the physical and chemical surface processes [18,19,22]. Adsorbate or foreign atoms and impurities being present on the surface in comparatively high concentrations between the layers, as well as the easiness with which layer stacking faults form in the course of TMDC crystallization, gives rise to large-angle elastic scattering, thus opening new channels to electron penetration into the crystal.…”

“…Low-energy electrons with kinetic energies E p below 1 keV are used to study the electronic structure of unoccupied high-level electronic states in very low-energy-electron diffraction (VLEED) [1][2][3], bremsstrahlung isochromat [4,5], inner-shell electron-energy loss [4,6], inverse photoemission (IPE) [4,7,8], secondary-electron emission [9,10], low-energy-electron transmission (LEET) [11][12][13][14][15], and absorbed (or target, total) current [8,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] spectroscopies. Having a high surface sensitivity and being nondestructive, the latter two methods are employed, in addition to analyzing elementary excitations and near-surface states, in monitoring surface cleanness in the course of surface treatments, determination of the work function, etc.…”

Low-energy absorbed current and electron transmission spectroscopies of molybdenum disulfide single crystal

“…(3) There are experimental errors associated with the formation of a collimated low-energy electron beam, complete collection of the secondary electrons, deviation of the electron beam from the normal for the case of the faces being oriented with error, and with the high surface sensitivity of TCS and LEET spectra, which is determined not only by the small depth of the region under study but also by a strong influence of the physical and chemical surface processes [12,13,16,22,25]. For instance, the intensity of maximum a in Fig.…”

“…Low-energy electrons with kinetic energies E p below 1 keV are used to study the electronic structure of unoccupied high-level electronic states in very low-energy-electron diffraction (VLEED) [1,2], bremsstrahlung isochromat [3,4], inner-shell electron-energy loss [3,5], inverse photoemission (IPES) [3,6,7], secondary-electron emission [8,9], target current (TCS) [7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], and (as a modification of TCS) low-energy-electron transmission (LEET) [22][23][24][25][26] spectroscopies. Having a high surface sensitivity and being nondestructive, the latter two methods are employed, in addition to analyzing elementary excitations and near-surface Due to the specific features of their crystal and electronic structure, lamellar transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) feature a number of unique properties; as a result, the related materials do not have analogs and cannot be replaced by an equivalent counterpart.…”