Surface-Stress-Driven Lattice Contraction Effects on the Extinction Spectra of Ultrasmall Silver Nanowires

Park, Harold S.; Qian, Xiaohu

doi:10.1021/jp100456p

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Hence, the ultrahigh strength offers an unprecedented opportunity to tune the properties of crystalline NWs through the elastic strain engineering [1]. For example, for Si NWs the electron-hole recombination rate can increase sixfold under a strain of 5% [15]; for Ag NWs, axial or bending strain was found to significantly affect the surface plasmon resonance [16,17]. For device applications including elastic strain engineering, it is of critical relevance to measure, understand, and eventually design mechanical properties of 1D nanostructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of Crystalline Nanowires: An Experimental Perspective

Zhu

2017

Applied Mechanics Reviews

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A wide variety of crystalline nanowires (NWs) with outstanding mechanical properties have recently emerged. Measuring their mechanical properties and understanding their deformation mechanisms are of important relevance to many of their device applications. On the other hand, such crystalline NWs can provide an unprecedented platform for probing mechanics at the nanoscale. While challenging, the field of experimental mechanics of crystalline nanowires has emerged and seen exciting progress in the past decade. This review summarizes recent advances in this field, focusing on major experimental methods using atomic force microscope (AFM) and electron microscopes and key results on mechanics of crystalline nanowires learned from such experimental studies. Advances in several selected topics are discussed including elasticity, fracture, plasticity, and anelasticity. Finally, this review surveys some applications of crystalline nanowires such as flexible and stretchable electronics, nanocomposites, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), energy harvesting and storage, and strain engineering, where mechanics plays a key role.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of Crystalline Nanowires: An Experimental Perspective

Zhu

2017

Applied Mechanics Reviews

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“…8 Axial strain or bending deformation has been found to significantly affect the surface plasmon resonance of Ag NWs. 8,9 From an engineering perspective, mechanical properties of Ag NWs play an important role in the functionality and reliability of the above device applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size effects on elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires:In situexperiments

et al. 2012

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This paper reports the first quantitative measurement of a full spectrum of mechanical properties of five-fold twinned silver (Ag) nanowires (NWs) including Young's modulus, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. In situ tensile testing of Ag NWs with diameters between 34 and 130 nm was carried out inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Young's modulus, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength all increased as the NW diameter decreased. The maximum yield strength in our tests was found to be 2.64 GPa, which is about 50 times the bulk value and close to the theoretical value of Ag in the <110> orientation. The size effect in the yield strength is attributed to the increase in the Young's modulus. Yield strain scales reasonably well with the NW surface area, which reveals that yielding of Ag NWs is due to dislocation nucleation from surface sources. Pronounced strain hardening was observed for most NWs in our study. The strain hardening, which has not previously been reported for NWs, is mainly attributed to the presence of internal twin boundaries. KEYWORDSfive-fold twin, size effect, Young's modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, strain hardening

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“…40 Modifications of the classical Mie theory and the development of new models and theories have been continuously carried out since then to better understand the optical properties of metal nanoparticles with different parameters, such as composition, size, shape, structure, embedding matrix, etc. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] These understandings, in turn, help us develop advanced approaches for synthesizing colloidal nanoparticles with more precisely tailored properties. 52,53 The significant difference between nanoparticles and their bulk counterparts originates from their larger surface to volume ratio.…”

Section: Stephen K Graymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface chemistry: a non-negligible parameter in determining optical properties of small colloidal metal nanoparticles

Sun

Gray

Peng

2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Surface chemistry can become pronounced in determining the optical properties of colloidal metal nanoparticles as the nanoparticles become so small (diameters <20 nm) that the surface atoms, which can undergo chemical interactions with the environment, represent a significant fraction of the total number of atoms although this effect is often ignored. For instance, formation of chemical bonds between surface atoms of small metal nanoparticles and capping molecules that help stabilize the nanoparticles can reduce the density of conduction band electrons in the surface layer of metal atoms. This reduced electron density consequently influences the frequency-dependent dielectric constant of the metal atoms in the surface layer and, for sufficiently high surface to volume ratios, the overall surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption spectrum. The important role of surface chemistry is highlighted here by carefully analyzing the classical Mie theory and a multi-layer model is presented to produce more accurate predictions by considering the chemically reduced density of conduction band electrons in the outer shell of metal atoms in nanoparticles. Calculated absorption spectra of small Ag nanoparticles quantitatively agree with the experimental results for our monodispersed Ag nanoparticles synthesized via a well-defined chemical reduction process, revealing an exceptional size-dependence of absorption peak positions: the peaks first blue-shift followed by a turnover and a dramatic red-shift as the particle size decreases. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between surface chemistry and optical properties is beneficial to exploit new applications of small colloidal metal nanoparticles, such as colorimetric sensing, electrochromic devices, and surface enhanced spectroscopies.

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Surface-Stress-Driven Lattice Contraction Effects on the Extinction Spectra of Ultrasmall Silver Nanowires

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Mechanics of Crystalline Nanowires: An Experimental Perspective

Mechanics of Crystalline Nanowires: An Experimental Perspective

Size effects on elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires:In situexperiments

Surface chemistry: a non-negligible parameter in determining optical properties of small colloidal metal nanoparticles

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