Surface subsidence control theory and application to backfill coal mining technology

Zhang, Jixiong; Sun, Qiang; Gao, Rui; Germain, Deon; Abro, Sami

doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4133-0

Cited by 175 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Zhu et al [22] also insisted that filling ratio and porosity of backfill material had an obvious effect on surface subsidence by using a coupled discrete element-finite difference method. Zhang et al [23] and Guo et al [24] proposed analytical models for predicting surface subsidence in solid backfill mining based on the equivalent mining height theory. Sui et al [25] evaluated the subsidence of Taiping Coal mine based on numerical simulation and a scale model and noted that subsidence could be mitigated by the backfilling method so as to prevent sand and water inrushes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Cemented Super-Fine Unclassified Tailings Backfill for Control of Subsidence

et al. 2017

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Known for its advantages in preventing geological and environmental hazards, cemented paste backfill (CPB) has become a topic of interest for scientists and mining engineers in recent decades. This paper presents the results of a study on the use of cemented super-fine tailings backfill (CSUTB) in an underground mine for control of surface subsidence. An analytical solution is developed based on the available model to calculate the required strength of backfill when in contact with non-cemented tailings (NCT). The effect of solid contents on the rheological properties of CSUTB is investigated. A reasonable mix proportion (RMP) of CSUTB is determined for Zhongguan Iron Mine (ZGIM) based on laboratory experiments. The validity of RMP in surface subsidence control is verified by a 3D numerical model. The obtained results show that CSUTB requires higher strength when in contact with NCT than when in contact with orebody. Rheological characteristics, e.g., slump, fluidity, and bleeding rate of fresh CSUTB, decrease with higher solids content, of which values with a certain solids content can be determined by quadratic polynomial regression equations. RMP with a cement to tailings (c/t) ratio of 1:10 and a solids content of 70% is recommended for ZGIM, as it shows favorable mechanical and rheological abilities. The deformation parameters (curvature, inclination, and horizontal deformation rate) obtained from numerical modeling are acceptable and lower than critical values, meaning CSUTB can feasibly be used with RMP in subsidence control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Cemented Super-Fine Unclassified Tailings Backfill for Control of Subsidence

et al. 2017

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“…After the coal seam has been excavated, the roof rock behind the hydraulic supporters becomes unsupported and loose via the following processes [27][28][29][30]: (1) strata pressure load concentrates on the goaf roof and floor due to the absence of coal seam; (2) loosening of the immediate roof and floor strata as the goaf area converges; (3) cracking occurs, especially in the immediate roof strata; (4) stress relief in the main roof strata occurs above the face area; (5) release of gas quantities from neighboring seams and porous enclosing rock happens during stress relief in the seam, floor, and roof areas; (6) collapsing of the roof strata happens, further transmitting to the upper strata; (7) strata stresses increase around the edge of the working face. Based on extended observation, the overburden failure above a longwall collapsing working face can be divided into three areas according to the strata slippage and damage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After mining, the rooms provided sufficient space and accesses for huge equipment. Meanwhile, strata control requirements in metallic mines are not so rigorous like in coal mines, since coal resources distribute in sedimentary strata, and are excavated normally via longwall collapsing method, which hardly provides adequate space and access for backfilling equipment as with metal-deposit mines [24,[27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and Sustainable Mining: Underground Coal Mine Fully Mechanized Solid Dense Stowing-Mining Method

et al. 2017

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China produces and consumes most of coal in the world. This situation is expected to continue within a certain period in the future. Currently, Chinese coal industry is confronted with several serious problems relating to land resource, water resource, environmental, and ecological sustainability. Coal resource exploitation causes the permanent fracture and movement of strata structure, which have caused the fracture and collapse of overlying strata and further led to the subsidence of ground surface as well as the seepage of water in aquifers around the coal seam, which has resulted not only in the loss of land and water resources, but also in serious threats and accidents to underground mining. On the other hand, mining and mineral-processing wastes are one of the world's long plagued concerns among solid wastes. Coal gangue, as the major waste with a huge amount of discharge, has not only occupied the land, but has also contaminated the ambient land resources and hydrological environment, and further led to ecological system destruction and degradation. What is more, in China there are large amounts of coal-located under railways, buildings, and water bodies-which are unavailable with traditional mining methods. These problems are obviously threaten the concept of green sustainable development. This paper introduces a novel developed solid dense stowing mining method, which is able to significantly reduce or event eliminate the corresponding damages caused by underground mining behavior and realize green and sustainable development. The novelty of this research work is realizing the automation and synchronization of mining and material stowing with an appropriate compaction ratio for adequate support of goaf roof. It can improve the stability of rock strata and the safety and efficiency of underground mining. We also studied and designed a perfect stowing material by using coal gangue and fly ash with appropriate proportions under different particle size gradations. By implementation of the above-mentioned methods in China, the solid dense stowing rate of mined seam areas have reached more than 95% and the overburden strata movements have been reduced to extremely low level which had nearly no damages to above buildings. The solid dense stowing mining method has also realized the reuse and recycling of coal mine solid wastes. Meanwhile, considerable previously unavailable coal resources under buildings, railways, and water bodies have been made available for exploration, which could extend the life of coal mines and increase the sustainability for coal industry and the environment. Ultimately, this method is a reliable way to realize green and sustainable mining. The strata structure protection, the surface subsidence prevention, and coal mine solid waste disposal have been realized at the same time.

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“…In order to control the surface damaging fissures generated periodically, the rotary and sinking amount of adjacent broken rocks in the loading key strata should be controlled. Backfill mining is to fill the filling materials into goaf of working face in order to control overburden strata caving and surface subsidence in goaf [26,27]. In order to control surface fissures of shallow coal seam, the authors take gangue filling as an example to analyze the control effect of backfill mining in Working face 4104 on the morphological development of surface mining-induced fissures.…”

Section: Backfill Mining and Rapid Advancing Mining To Control The Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation Mechanism and Reduction Technology of Mining-Induced Fissures in Shallow Thick Coal Seam Mining

2017

Shock and Vibration

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Surface mining-induced fissures formed in shallow coal seam mining have serious impact on safety mining and water resources protection. This paper proposes a novel approach to study the formation mechanism and dynamic development of surface mininginduced fissures in shallow coal seam mining. This approach combines field tests, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations based on the geological condition of shallow coal seam mining in Chuancao Gedan Coal Mine. Two typical surface mininginduced fissures, step-type fissures and collapse-type fissures, are generated in shallow coal seam mining. The fissures with large vertical throw or horizontal opening severely impact water resource protection and surface ecological environment. Surface mininginduced fissures are generated periodically and changed dynamically with the advancing of working face. The vertical throw and horizontal opening of surface fissures are changed dynamically with the movement of loading key strata. The movement forms of loading key strata determine the morphological development of surface fissures. Downward sliding movement of broken rocks causes step-type fissures, while downward rotation movement leads to collapse-type fissures. The degree of the downward sliding and rotation of broken rocks determines the vertical throw and horizontal opening of surface fissures. This paper proposes mining technologies to reduce damaging ground fissures in shallow coal seam mining and analyzes their control effects.

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Surface subsidence control theory and application to backfill coal mining technology

Cited by 175 publications

References 12 publications

Use of Cemented Super-Fine Unclassified Tailings Backfill for Control of Subsidence

Use of Cemented Super-Fine Unclassified Tailings Backfill for Control of Subsidence

Green and Sustainable Mining: Underground Coal Mine Fully Mechanized Solid Dense Stowing-Mining Method

Formation Mechanism and Reduction Technology of Mining-Induced Fissures in Shallow Thick Coal Seam Mining

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