Surface temperature changes in response to handling in domestic chickens

Edgar, Joanne; Nicol, CJ; Pugh, Carys; Paul, Elizabeth S.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.06.020

Cited by 97 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The fast frame rate of the thermal videoing technique was able to show a drop in eye-region temperature of approximately 2 °C in 10 sec followed by a subsequent rise in temperature to within 0.5 °C of baseline within 3 min. Although peripheral cooling in response to mild stress has been recorded previously at around 1 min intervals 17,26,32 , the technique here showed that maximum drop in temperature may be extremely rapid. With lower time resolution the magnitude of this effect may be missed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Provided access to a suitable exposed area of skin and the animal can be kept in the field of view of the camera, IRT cameras may be used to collect continuous skin temperature measurements remotely, possibly allowing the complete temperature response to be filmed and compared between individuals. While it has already been shown in chickens that surface temperature responds to acute stress 26 , the novelty of this study is that it measures surface body temperature of wild animals in a finer temporal resolution than previous studies and also shows that the expected skin temperature drop can be detected in the field where temperature, humidity and weather are variable. The aim of this paper is to describe the necessary methodology to measure skin temperature of an unconstrained animal using thermal imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds

Jerem

Herborn

McCafferty

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Stress, a central concept in biology, describes a suite of emergency responses to challenges. Among other responses, stress leads to a change in blood flow that results in a net influx of blood to key organs and an increase in core temperature. This stress-induced hyperthermia is used to assess stress. However, measuring core temperature is invasive. As blood flow is redirected to the core, the periphery of the body can cool. This paper describes a protocol where peripheral body temperature is measured non-invasively in wild blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) using infrared thermography. In the field we created a set-up bringing the birds to an ideal position in front of the camera by using a baited box. The camera takes a short thermal video recording of the undisturbed bird before applying a mild stressor (closing the box and therefore capturing the bird), and the bird's response to being trapped is recorded. The bare skin of the eye-region is the warmest area in the image. This allows an automated extraction of the maximum eye-region temperature from each image frame, followed by further steps of manual data filtering removing the most common sources of errors (motion blur, blinking). This protocol provides a time series of eye-region temperature with a fine temporal resolution that allows us to study the dynamics of the stress response non-invasively. Further work needs to demonstrate the usefulness of the method to assess stress, for instance to investigate whether eye-region temperature response is proportional to the strength of the stressor. If this can be confirmed, it will provide a valuable alternative method of stress assessment in animals and will be useful to a wide range of researchers from ecologists, conservation biologists, physiologists to animal welfare researchers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds

Jerem

Herborn

McCafferty

et al. 2015

JoVE

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“…positive vs negative affect) in this species [17]. Similarly, in chickens a drop in comb temperature was noted both during a stressful situation [25] and when anticipating a positive event [26]. Also in cows a pleasant event was associated with a decrease in nasal temperature, as would be expected in conjunction with negative experiences, suggesting that a positive emotional state may have the same effect on the peripheral temperatures as a negative state in this species too [16].…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In domestic dogs, a pilot study found that eye temperature increased during a standardized veterinary examination (a stressful experience for most dogs) compared with both preexamination and post-examination phases [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic changes in ear temperature in relation to separation distress in dogs

Riemer

Assis

Pike

et al. 2016

Physiology & Behavior

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Highlights• Pet dogs were tested in a brief separation test and filmed remotely using thermography• Temperature was analyzed from selected patches of both ear pinnae simultaneously• Social isolation was associated with a significant decrease in ear pinnae temperature• Temperature of the two ears did not differ significantly from each other• Long distance thermography is a useful tool in non-invasive stress monitoring AbstractInfrared thermography can visualize changes in body surface temperature that result from stress-induced physiological changes and alterations of blood flow patterns. Here we explored its use for remote stress monitoring (i.e. removing need for human presence) in a sample of six pet dogs. Dogs were tested in a brief separation test involving contact with their owner, a stranger, and social isolation for two one-minute-periods. Tests were filmed using a thermographic camera set up in a corner of the room, around 7 metres from where the subjects spent most of the time. Temperature was measured from selected regions of both ear pinnae simultaneously. Temperature of both ear pinnae showed a pattern of decrease during separation and increase when a person (either the owner or a stranger) was present, with no lateralized temperature differences between the two ears. Long distance thermographic measurement is a promising technique for non-invasive remote stress assessment, although there are some limitations related to dogs' hair structure over the ears, making it unsuitable for some subjects.

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Effects of chronic heat exposure on growth performance, intestinal epithelial histology, appetite‐related hormones and genes expression in broilers

et al. 2018

J Sci Food Agric

101

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Surface temperature changes in response to handling in domestic chickens

Cited by 97 publications

References 31 publications

Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds

Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds

Dynamic changes in ear temperature in relation to separation distress in dogs

Effects of chronic heat exposure on growth performance, intestinal epithelial histology, appetite‐related hormones and genes expression in broilers

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