Surface temperature monitoring in liver procurement via functional variance change-point analysis

Online Domain Adaptation for Continuous Cross-Subject Liver Viability Evaluation Based on Irregular Thermal Data

“…In the future, we will extend our framework to the multi-source DA. In addition, there have been some works on the variance change-point detection of the original thermal images (Gao et al, 2018(Gao et al, , 2020. We will perform the graph-based change-point detection for the irregular thermal data change-point detection.…”

“…IRT has been applied to a variety of applications including, but not limited to, kidney transplantation, brain imaging, breast cancer and liver disease (Lahiri et al, 2012). Researchers have revealed a close association between the histomorphologic quality and surface temperatures of the organ (Gorbach et al, 2009;Skowno and Karpelowsky, 2014;Vidal et al, 2014;Lan et al, 2015;Kochan et al, 2015;Lan et al, 2018;Gao et al, 2018Gao et al, , 2020.…”

“…The above works did not consider the updated liver information over time thus cannot achieve online viability evaluation. Gao et al (2018Gao et al ( , 2020 performed the change detection of surface temperature variation for a single liver in an online manner, and found that the temperature measurements show a high variation when the liver is viable and a low variation if the liver is unviable. However, these works only detected the change for a single liver and did not borrow the valuable pathologists' evaluation information from other livers, which can be beneficial to the viability evaluation.…”

“…The visual inspection may suffer from the pathologists' inadequate experiences and is subject to the lack of consistent standards (Petrick et al, 2015). In addition, the appearances of a viable and an unviable organ may not be distinguishable (Gao et al, 2020). On the other hand, the biopsy examination and histologic analysis technique was initially used in organ transplantation in the 1980s, and has proven to be a more accurate evaluation technique (Vazquez-Martul and Papadimitriou, 2004).…”

“…For instance, a research team from Virginia Tech designed a machine perfusion and corresponding non-invasive thermal imaging system to measure the surface temperature of livers, as shown in Figure 1 (a). Several analyses were performed for the liver viability assessment, and revealed a close relationship between the organ surface temperatures and viability based on this system (Lan et al, 2015(Lan et al, , 2018Gao et al, 2018Gao et al, , 2020. As will be discussed in detail in the literature review, existing works on thermal imaging based organ viability evaluation have the limitations of: (1) using the full thermal images and thus including the background data in addition to the pure liver region (shown in Figure 1(b)) in the analysis.…”