Surface tension dominates insect flight on fluid interfaces

Mukundarajan, Haripriya; Bardon, Thibaut C; Kim, Dong Hyun; Prakash, Manu

doi:10.1242/jeb.127829

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The high body angles (x) during dragonfly backward flight parallels similar observations of hummingbird [13] and insect backward flight [11] and could be a mechanism of convergent evolution [13]. However, x was significantly larger than those of hummingbirds (50-758) which use a horizontal stroke plane and waterlily beetles (50-708), which use an inclined stroke plane [13,38]. Our x corroborated previous observation in dragonfly backward flight (1008) [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Rü ppell [11] recorded a dragonfly flying backward with a body angle of 1008 from the horizon. Likewise, Mukundarajan et al [38] reported that a stroke plane tilted backward, and a steep body angle between 508 and 708 from the horizontal induced backward flight in waterlily beetles (Galerucella nymphaeae). Our observations corroborate these reports as we consistently witnessed an upright body posture during the backward flight of dragonflies in our experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Flying in reverse: kinematics and aerodynamics of a dragonfly in backward free flight

Bode-Oke¹,

Zeyghami²,

Dong³

2018

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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In this study, we investigated the backward free flight of a dragonfly, accelerating in a flight path inclined to the horizontal. The wing and body kinematics were reconstructed from the output of three high-speed cameras using a template-based subdivision surface reconstruction method, and numerical simulations using an immersed boundary flow solver were conducted to compute the forces and visualize the flow features. During backward flight, the dragonfly maintained an upright body posture of approximately 90° relative to the horizon. The upright body posture was used to reorient the stroke plane and the flight force in the global frame; a mechanism known as ‘force vectoring’ which was previously observed in manoeuvres of other flying animals. In addition to force vectoring, we found that while flying backward, the dragonfly flaps its wings with larger angles of attack in the upstroke (US) when compared with forward flight. Also, the backward velocity of the body in the upright position enhances the wings' net velocity in the US. The combined effect of the angle of attack and wing net velocity yields large aerodynamic force generation in the US, with the average magnitude of the force reaching values as high as two to three times the body weight. Corresponding to these large forces was the presence of a strong leading edge vortex (LEV) at the onset of US which remained attached up until wing reversal. Finally, wing–wing interaction was found to enhance the aerodynamic performance of the hindwings (HW) during backward flight. Vorticity from the forewings’ trailing edge fed directly into the HW LEV to increase its circulation and enhance force production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Flying in reverse: kinematics and aerodynamics of a dragonfly in backward free flight

Bode-Oke¹,

Zeyghami²,

Dong³

2018

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Most solid substrates are microscopically rough. This microscopic roughness can lead to superwettability, since the surface tension effect dominates over the gravitational effect at the microscale . Surface roughness or defects on solid substrates can help pin a contact line for an advancing drop.…”

Section: Design Principles and Mechanisms: Learning From Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Superwettability Micro/Nanoarchitectures: Fabrications and Applications

Kong

Luo

Zhao

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

152

104

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Biological systems have evolved over billions of years to develop wetting strategies for advantageous structure-property-performance relations that are crucial for their survival. The discovery of these intriguing relationships has inspired tremendous efforts to investigate the micro/nanoscale features of naturally occurring structures with superwettability. Researchers have since developed new methods and techniques to construct artificial materials that mimic natural structures and functionalities. Here, a brief review of natural hierarchical architectures with liquid repellent properties is presented, and the critical underlying mechanism is summarized with an emphasis on the micro/nanoscopic architectures. The state-of-the-art micro/nanofabrication techniques for creating bioinspired hierarchical superwettability structures that are categorized by random and exquisite features are also reviewed, followed by an overview of their emerging applications, with special attention to biomedical-related fields. The development of fabrication techniques enhances capabilities relative to those of living systems, paving the way toward advanced structural materials with superior functions and unprecedented characteristics for potential applications. Figure 1. Natural superwettable surfaces. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images demonstrate the surface micro/nanostructures of a) lotus leaf, [4] b) Salvinia molesta, [115] c) cicada wings, [109] d) mosquito eye, [37] e) cactus spines, [110] f) desert beetle, [2] g) water strider, [5] h) springtail skin, [145] and i) pitcher plant. [50] The examples represent a range of different intelligent surfaces that exist in nature. Reproduced with permission. [4]

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“…Macroscopic swimmers embedded in a rotating fluid will exhibit inertial effects on top of the frictional ones. One example are waterlily beetles moving near the two-dimensional water-air interface [36].…”

Section: Experimental Verification Of the Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active particles in noninertial frames: How to self-propel on a carousel

Löwen

2019

Phys. Rev. E

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Typically the motion of self-propelled active particles is described in a quiescent environment establishing an inertial frame of reference. Here we assume that friction, self-propulsion and fluctuations occur relative to a non-inertial frame and thereby the active Brownian motion model is generalized to non-inertial frames. First, analytical solutions are presented for the overdamped case, both for linear swimmers and circle swimmers. For a frame rotating with constant angular velocity ("carousel"), the resulting noise-free trajectories in the static laboratory frame trochoids if these are circles in the rotating frame. For systems governed by inertia, such as vibrated granulates or active complex plasmas, centrifugal and Coriolis forces become relevant. For both linear and circling self-propulsion, these forces lead to out-spiraling trajectories which for long times approach a spira mirabilis. This implies that a self-propelled particle will typically leave a rotating carousel. A navigation strategy is proposed to avoid this expulsion, by adjusting the self-propulsion direction at wish. For a particle, initially quiescent in the rotating frame, it is shown that this strategy only works if the initial distance to the rotation centre is smaller than a critical radius Rc which scales with the self-propulsion velocity. Possible experiments to verify the theoretical predictions are discussed. arXiv:1904.12755v1 [cond-mat.soft]

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Surface tension dominates insect flight on fluid interfaces

Cited by 45 publications

References 41 publications

Flying in reverse: kinematics and aerodynamics of a dragonfly in backward free flight

Flying in reverse: kinematics and aerodynamics of a dragonfly in backward free flight

Bioinspired Superwettability Micro/Nanoarchitectures: Fabrications and Applications

Active particles in noninertial frames: How to self-propel on a carousel

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