Surface Tension of the Black Hole Horizon

Abstract

The idea of treating the horizon of a black hole as a stretched membrane with surface tension has a long history. In this work, we discuss the microscopic origin of the surface tension of the horizon in quantum pictures of spaces, which are Bose-Einstein condensates of gravitons. The horizon is a phase interface of gravitons, the surface tension of which is found to be a result of the difference in the strength of the interaction between the gravitons on its two sides. The gravitational source, such as a Schwarzschild black hole, creates a transitional zone by changing the energy and distribution of its surrounding gravitons. Archimedes' principle for gravity can be expressed as follows: "the gravity on an object is equal to the weight of the gravitons that it displaces."