Surface tensions and thermodynamic parameters of surface formation of aqueous salt solutions: III. Aqueous solution of KCl, KBr and KI

Ali, Khurshid; Shah, Anwar‐ul‐Haq Ali; Bilal, Salma; Shah, Azhar‐ul‐Haq Ali

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.12.023

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The plots of the surface tension versus the PVP concentration are nearly horizontal, indicating the surface tension slightly increased as the PVP concentration increased. The salt concentration had a greater effect on the surface tension than the PVP concentration, with surface tension increasing with increase of salt concentration, and is consistent with literature [32,39,40].…”

Section: Dependence Of Surface Tension On Solution Compositionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Electrospinning Solution Properties on Formation of Beads in Tio2 Fibers with PdO Particles

Shahreen

2015

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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TiO 2 fibers with catalytic PdO particles are of interest for use as porous catalytic converters to react NO x and CO to control air pollution. The fibers are first electrospun as template polymer fibers. The template polymer fibers are calcined to form the ceramic fibers. The electrospinning solution composition significantly affects the average fiber diameter and fiber morphologies (beads) which in turn affect the catalyst performance. In this work, solutions containing Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Titanium (IV) Isopropoxide (TTIP), and Palladium (II) Chloride (PdCl 2) were electrospun with the goal of fabricating beadless submicron composite fibers. The fibers were calcined to produce ceramic TiO 2 submicron fibers with Palladium oxide (PdO) nanoparticles. To determine the solution recipes that form smooth PdO-TiO 2 fibers without beads, fibers were electrospun and evaluated from solutions with varied mass concentrations of PVP and PdCl 2 salt. The solution concentrations indirectly influenced the electrospinning performance through solution viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity. The ceramic fibers were produced with average diameters in the range of 180-280 nm and with minimal formation of beads when the solution had viscosity in the range of 52 to 80 cP and conductivity in the range of 45-67 µs/cm. It was found that the surface tension of the solutions did not vary significantly and did not strongly affect the formation of beads.

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Section: Dependence Of Surface Tension On Solution Compositionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Electrospinning Solution Properties on Formation of Beads in Tio2 Fibers with PdO Particles

Shahreen

2015

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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“…This expectation would, however, be at odds with the measured positive surface tension increment of 2 mol/L KI. 42 The latter result is explained thermodynamically by a net depletion of ions over the entire interfacial length of the system. 43 The interfacial length is defined as the depth over which the ion and water density profiles differ from bulk (−1.2 nm for the GDS and −1.5 nm in the instantaneous definition, see Section III C ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative interpretation of molecular dynamics simulations for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of aqueous solutions

Olivieri

Parry

Powell

et al. 2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Over the past decade, energy-dependent ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) has emerged as a powerful analytical probe of the ion spatial distributions at the vapor (vacuum)-aqueous electrolyte interface. These experiments are often paired with complementary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in an attempt at to provide a complete description of the liquid interface. There is, however, no systematic protocol that permits a straightforward comparison of the two sets of results. XPS is an integrated technique that averages signals from multiple layers in a solution even at the lowest photoelectron kinetic energies routinely employed, whereas MD simulations provide a microscopic layer-by-layer description of the solution composition near the interface. Here we use the National Institute of Standards and Technology database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) to quantitatively interpret atom-density profiles from MD simulations for XPS signal intensities using sodium and potassium iodide solutions as examples. We show that electron inelastic mean free paths calculated from a semi-empirical formula depend strongly on solution composition, varying by up to 30 % between pure water and concentrated NaI. The XPS signal thus arises from different information depths in different solutions for a fixed photoelectron kinetic energy. XPS signal intensities are calculated using SESSA as a function of photoelectron kinetic energy (probe depth) and compared with a widely employed ad hoc method. SESSA simulations illustrate the importance of accounting for elastic scattering events at low photoelectron kinetic energies (< 300 eV) where the ad hoc method systematically underestimates the preferential enhancement of anions over cations. Finally, some technical aspects of applying SESSA to liquid interfaces are discussed.

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“…In this work, the relationship between surface tension of the exfoliation solutions and the thicknesses of the as‐prepared ultrathin films was further investigated to understand the formation mechanism of r‐GO ultrathin films by surface chemistry. The solutions with different surface tensions such as ethylene glycol (EG) (48.0 N m −1 ), deionized water (72.7 N m −1 ), and 3.2 M KCl solution (79.75 N m −1 ) were employed to prepare the r‐GO ultrathin films . The thicknesses of the r‐GO ultrathin films were characterized by ellipsometry, which showed that the thicknesses of r‐GO films were dramatically increased from 89 to 110, and 148 nm with increased surface tensions, while the transmittance was reduced from 90% to 82%, and 78% respectively, as shown in Figure a,b.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exfoliation at the Liquid/Air Interface to Assemble Reduced Graphene Oxide Ultrathin Films for a Flexible Noncontact Sensing Device

et al. 2014

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Reduced graphene oxide ultrathin films are fabricated by a reproducible exfoliation method at the liquid/air interface, and they show high transparency, tunable sheet resistance, uniform electric conductivity, and structural homogeneity over a large area. A flexible relative humidity sensing matrix is demonstrated and it is shown to be excellent for close proximity sensing without touching it. This method opens up a novel avenue for future human-machine interaction applications.

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Surface tensions and thermodynamic parameters of surface formation of aqueous salt solutions: III. Aqueous solution of KCl, KBr and KI

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Electrospinning Solution Properties on Formation of Beads in Tio2 Fibers with PdO Particles

Effects of Electrospinning Solution Properties on Formation of Beads in Tio2 Fibers with PdO Particles

Quantitative interpretation of molecular dynamics simulations for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of aqueous solutions

Exfoliation at the Liquid/Air Interface to Assemble Reduced Graphene Oxide Ultrathin Films for a Flexible Noncontact Sensing Device

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