Surface Texturing of PTFE Film Using Nonequilibrium Plasmas

Ryan, Michael E.; Badyal, J. P. S.

doi:10.1021/ma00109a008

Cited by 80 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The main chemical changes identified by SSIMS were: defluorination, characterized by a decrease in the relative intensity of C x F y C and F ions; an increase in the number of hydrocarbon moieties, presumably arising due to the presence of hydrogen-containing residual gases such as water vapour in the plasma cell, 6 -8 and an increase in the yield of O and OH ions, assumed to be due to reaction of the activated polymer surface with O 2 C ions in the case of O 2 plasma treatment and atmospheric oxygen and water in the case of Ar, N 2 and NH 3 treated surfaces. 8,9 The incorporation of oxygen-containing groups was found to depend on the feed gas used and increased in the order untreated < O 2 < N 2 < NH 3 < Ar, the same trend that was observed in XPS studies. In addition to investigating surfaces immediately after treatment, the effects of storage in simulated body fluid and air have also been studied.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Surface chemistry and wettability of plasma-treated PTFE

Wilson

Eccles

Steele

et al. 2000

Surf. Interface Anal.

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Polytetrafluoroethylene sheet samples have been treated in a low-power plasma cell using O 2 , Ar, N 2 and NH 3 feed gases. The surfaces became significantly more wettable in simulated body fluid and bromonaphthalene. By using a range of techniques, this was found to be principally due to chemical changes at the surface induced by the plasma treatments. Static SIMS and XPS showed that these changes were defluorination and incorporation of unsaturated hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing moieties. The extent of these changes depended on the feed gas used, being least for O 2 and greatest for Ar. In addition, it was found that surfaces became activated by the plasma treatments and continued to change chemically during subsequent storage in simulated body fluid. By contrast, storage in air resulted in partial recovery towards the untreated surface state, which was attributed to relaxation processes in the modified layer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Surface chemistry and wettability of plasma-treated PTFE

Wilson

Eccles

Steele

et al. 2000

Surf. Interface Anal.

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“…Furthermore, uniaxial alignment of the surface texture is indicative of the substrate having undergone tribological deformation during manufacture. 11 In contrast, plumber's tape was found to be a lot smoother, the surface roughness characterized by relatively regular, undulating features, presumably introduced during manufacture, with maximum vertical excursions (difference between the lowest and highest points in the scan area) of 7-8 nm over a scan area of 100 nm 2 and 100 nm over a scan area of 1000 nm 2 , [ Fig. 10(a)].…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to electrons the plasma contained energetic particles such as ions and photons. 11 The ion flux measured in the four plasmas used in the investigation was typically 3 ð 10 18 m 3 s 1 .…”

Section: The Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The effects of NH 3 , 3 -10 Ar 9, 11 -16 and N 11,13,14,16 2 plasmas on PTFE have been studied, and XPS has shown that these treatments lead to partial loss of fluorine (defluorination), 5,8,11 -13,16,17 the production of hydrocarbons, 2,11,18 cross-links 5,12 and chain scission 11 and, depending on the feed gas used, incorporation of oxygen-and nitrogen-containing groups. By contrast, the effect of oxygen treatment on PTFE is less clear, for example, Ryan et al 11 and Shi et al 16 found that an O 2 plasma did not alter appreciably the fluorine/carbon ratio whereas Griesser 19 detected a large increase in the amount of oxygen on the surface coupled with defluorination. Youxian et al 12 and Morra et al 18 also observed similar findings to Griesser 19 but, in addition, detected 'yellowing' of the surface and significant morphological changes, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma modification of PTFE surfaces. Part I: Surfaces immediately following plasma treatment

Wilson

Williams

Pond

2001

Surface & Interface Analysis

157

100

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Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was treated in a low-power plasma using a series of feed gases (O 2 , Ar, N 2 and NH 3 ) and the resulting surface modifications were evaluated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, static secondary ion mass spectroscopy, dynamic contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy. All plasma treatments caused light etching, but the nature and extent of chemical modification varied considerably. Fluorine depletion of the surface was affected most efficiently by Ar and least effectively by O 2 plasma. New functionalities were introduced to the surface either from plasma derivatives of the feed gases or by post-treatment exposure to moist air; Ar, N 2 and NH 3 were more effective than O 2 in this respect. The wettability of virgin and plasma-treated materials in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) and 1-bromonaphthalene was studied, and the observations are discussed in a framework that correlates contact-angle hysteresis with surface chemistry in a semi-quantitative manner. In Part II of this work, further changes of the surface chemistry and wettability of virgin and plasma-treated materials arising due to storage in PBS or air are described.

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“…The latter properties, however, also dictate the use of more drastic chemical and physical means [11][12][13][14] for achieving the required surface modification. Although plasma treatment has been used extensively in the surface modification of polymers [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], the physicochemical characteristics of the modified polymer surfaces are time-dependent. Chain and polar group reorientation in the surface region [23], for example, can result in gradual deterioration of the surface reactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%