Surface Transport in Liquid Helium II

Daunt, J. G.; Mendelssohn, K.

doi:10.1038/143719a0

Cited by 59 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition to diffusive heat flow 36 , superfluids support thermal transport via a hydrodynamic process: two-fluid counterflow where relative motion of the superfluid and normal component results in heat flow. This effect is well established [37][38][39][40][41] in studies of superfluid 4 He, but results on superfluid 3 He are limited 42,43 One motivation of the present experiment was to quantify the diffusive thermal transport in the superfluid phase, arising from quasiparticle excitations, by reducing thermal counterflow. Informed by prior mass-flow studies 32,33,44 , the strong confinement imposed by the 1.1 µm channel was designed to clamp the normal component even in the presence of slip of the normal component in the extreme Knudsen regime.…”

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confidence: 78%

Thermal transport of helium-3 in a strongly confining channel

Lotnyk,

Eyal,

Zhelev

et al. 2019

Preprint

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In a neutral system such as liquid helium-3, transport of mass, heat, and spin provide information analogous to electrical counterparts in metals, superconductors and topological materials. Of particular interest is transport in strongly confining channels of height approaching the superfluid coherence length, where new quantum states are found and excitations bound to surfaces and edges should be present. Here we report on the thermal conduction of helium-3 in a 1.1 µm high microfabricated channel. In the normal state we observe a diffusive thermal conductivity that is approximately temperature independent, consistent with 1 recent work on the interference of bulk and boundary scattering. In the superfluid state we measure diffusive thermal transport in the absence of thermal counterflow. An anomalous thermal response is also detected in the superfluid which we suggest may arise from a flux of surface excitations.

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confidence: 78%

Thermal transport of helium-3 in a strongly confining channel

Lotnyk,

Eyal,

Zhelev

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…In addition to diffusive heat flow 47 , superfluids support the thermal transport via a hydrodynamic process: two-fluid counterflow where relative motion of the superfluid and normal component results in heat flow. This effect is well-established [48][49][50][51][52] in studies of superfluid 4 He, but results on superfluid 3 He are limited 53,54 . In steady-state thermal counterflow through a channel, the temperature gradient generates a fountain pressure, such that the difference in chemical potential between the two ends of the channel is zero.…”

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confidence: 81%

Thermal transport of helium-3 in a strongly confining channel

et al. 2020

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The investigation of transport properties in normal liquid helium-3 and its topological superfluid phases provides insights into related phenomena in electron fluids, topological materials, and putative topological superconductors. It relies on the measurement of mass, heat, and spin currents, due to system neutrality. Of particular interest is transport in strongly confining channels of height approaching the superfluid coherence length, to enhance the relative contribution of surface excitations, and suppress hydrodynamic counterflow. Here we report on the thermal conduction of helium-3 in a 1.1 μm high channel. In the normal state we observe a diffusive thermal conductivity that is approximately temperature independent, consistent with interference of bulk and boundary scattering. In the superfluid, the thermal conductivity is only weakly temperature dependent, requiring detailed theoretical analysis. An anomalous thermal response is detected in the superfluid which we propose arises from the emission of a flux of surface excitations from the channel.

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“…As one of the most fundamental quantum systems in condensed matter physics, superfluid 4 He [1,2] exhibits a wide variety of extraordinary behaviors. Some intriguing phenomena of superfluid 4 He, such as the fountain effect [3] and the mechano-colaric effect [4], reveal a fundamental coupling between thermodynamic motion and the hydrodynamic motion of the system. Pursuing a quantum understanding of this unusual coupling is challenging but nevertheless important.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Pursuing a quantum understanding of this unusual coupling is challenging but nevertheless important. In the past, people rely on the twofluid model [5,6] of superfluid 4 He to describe physics raised by this coupling. In spite of its phenomenological success and its capability to explain many interesting behaviors of superfluid 4 He observed later (see e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Observation of a Self-Heating Effect of Helium-4 Superflow

Yu¹,

Luo²

2022

Preprint

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we report a counter-intuitive self-heating effect of 4 He superflow. This fundamentally unusual heating effect bears a phenomenological resemblance to the Peltier effect of electric current across two different conductors. It reveals that 4 He superflow carries thermal energy and entropy, which is in contrast to the two-fluid model of superfluid 4 He. A natural understanding of this heating effect is provided by a recently developed microscopic quantum theory of superfluid 4 He.

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Surface Transport in Liquid Helium II

Cited by 59 publications

References 7 publications

Thermal transport of helium-3 in a strongly confining channel

Thermal transport of helium-3 in a strongly confining channel

Thermal transport of helium-3 in a strongly confining channel

Experimental Observation of a Self-Heating Effect of Helium-4 Superflow

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