Surface treatment of zinc anodes to improve discharge capacity and suppress hydrogen gas evolution

Cho, Yung-Da; Fey, George Ting‐Kuo

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.04.081

Cited by 110 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The charge and discharge reaction of zinc electrodes, the precipitation of ZnO at supersaturated concentration of zincate ions and hydrogen evolution are shown in equations (1), (2) and (3), respectively: 14,15 Zn…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam anodes

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The low cost, significant reduction potential and relative safety of the zinc electrode is a common hope for a reductant in secondary batteries, but it is limited mainly to primary implementation due to shape change. In this work, we exploit such shape change for the benefit of static electrodes through the electrodeposition of hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam. Electrodeposition of zinc foam resulted in nanoparticles formed on secondary dendrites in a three-dimensional network with a particle size distribution of 54.1-96.0 nm. The nanoporous zinc foam contributed to highly oriented crystals, high surface area and more rapid kinetics in contrast to conventional zinc in alkaline mediums. The anode material presented had a utilization of 88% at full depth-of-discharge (DOD) at various rates indicating a superb rate capability. The rechargeability of Zn 0 /Zn 2+ showed significant capacity retention over 100 cycles at a 40% DOD to ensure that the dendritic core structure was imperforated. The dendritic architecture was densified upon charge-discharge cycling and presented superior performance compared with bulk zinc electrodes.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam anodes

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, in contrast to Li-O 2 cells, the discharge products on the cathodes of Zn-O 2 cells are mostly soluble, which makes the cathodes more reversible upon charging. The remaining challenges to meet commercial standards in terms of cyclability and rate capability are: to minimize ZnO passivation 121,158,159 on the Zn-anode surface and Zn-metal corrosion 121,[160][161][162][163] ; to develop effective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts 157,164 ; and to prevent carbonate formation 121,165 from the reaction between CO 2 in air and KOH in the electrolyte.…”

Section: Metal-oxygen Battery Systems Secondary Li-o 2 Batteries Wermentioning

confidence: 99%

Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

What characteristics define a good rechargeable battery? Although properties such as rate capability, cost, cycle life and temperature tolerance must be taken into consideration in any evaluation of a rechargeable battery 1,2 , it is the improvement in energy density that has primarily driven the overall technological progress over the past 150 years -from lead-acid cells in the 1850s, nickelcadmium cells in the 1890s and nickel metal hydride cells in the 1960s to, finally, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the present day.In the current era of LIBs, there is an ever-growing demand for even higher energy densities to power mobile IT devices with increased power consumption and to extend the driving range of electric vehicles. The growth of the global electric vehicle market has been slower than initially predicted about 5 years ago 3 , which reflects the challenge that the battery industry faces: customers react very sensitively to the driving range (and thus the energy density) and price of electric vehicles. Because the energy density of a rechargeable battery is determined mainly by the specific capacities and operating voltages of the anode and the cathode, active materials have been the main focus of research in recent years. Other cell components, including separators, binders, outer cases and, to some extent, the major components of the electrolyte solution (that is, solvent and salt), have little room for further improvement. In other words, a dramatic increase in the energy density requires new redox chemistries between charge-carrier ions and host materials beyond the conventional 'intercalation' mechanisms 4 . Intercalationbased materials have a relatively small number of crystallographic sites for storing charge-carrier ions, leading to limited energy densities. For this reason, the electrodes that operate on the basis of distinct solid-state reactions, such as alloying and conversion, or that use gas-phase reactants have encountered growing interest owing to the likelihood that they will surpass the energy densities of intercalation-based electrodes.New chemistries for charge-carrier ion storage serve as the basis for 'beyond intercalation' or so-called postLIBs 5-7 . The systems governed by these new chemistries offer higher theoretical energy densities, and this benefit is usually translated to, at least, the initial cycles in experimental testing. It is becoming increasingly evident that the short lifetime is a serious problem of post-LIB systems. Indeed, the main technological challenge associated with these systems is overcoming their inferior reversibility. The main factors responsible for the low reversibility are instabilities during the phase transition of active materials and/or uncontrolled reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface 8 ; this implies that the electrode structures and electrolyte solutions should be developed and optimized as integrated systems to enable the realization of post-LIBs.In this Review, we discuss a wide range of promising post-LIBs, focusing on their advant...

show abstract

“…It is believed that the coating layer prevents the zinc surface from facing the alkaline electrolyte directly, which enables the zinc to avoid side reactions in the cell. [ 130 ] Zhu et al reported that neodymium conversion fi lms have also been applied to coat pristine zinc metal depending on the ultrasonic impregnation method. Their work demonstrated a positive effect on increasing corrosion resistance, in turn stablizing the cycle behavior of the zinc electrode.…”

Section: Anode: Zinc Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Air Batteries with High Energy Density: Li–Air versus Zn–Air

Lee

Kim

Cao

et al. 2010

Advanced Energy Materials

2,048

1,216

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the past decade, there have been exciting developments in the fi eld of lithium ion batteries as energy storage devices, resulting in the application of lithium ion batteries in areas ranging from small portable electric devices to large power systems such as hybrid electric vehicles. However, the maximum energy density of current lithium ion batteries having topatactic chemistry is not suffi cient to meet the demands of new markets in such areas as electric vehicles. Therefore, new electrochemical systems with higher energy densities are being sought, and metal-air batteries with conversion chemistry are considered a promising candidate. More recently, promising electrochemical performance has driven much research interest in Li-air and Zn-air batteries. This review provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent progress in the area of Li-air and Zn-air batteries, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the new electrochemical systems.

show abstract

Surface treatment of zinc anodes to improve discharge capacity and suppress hydrogen gas evolution

Cited by 110 publications

References 23 publications

Hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam anodes

Hyper-dendritic nanoporous zinc foam anodes

Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities

Metal–Air Batteries with High Energy Density: Li–Air versus Zn–Air

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About