Surface ultrastructure and cytochemistry of parasitic helminths

Lumsden, Richard D.

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(75)90078-8

Cited by 229 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 288 publications

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“…The general topography and ultrastructural organisation of the tegument in Maritrema feliui is essentially similar to that previously described for other digeneans by, inter alia, Threadgold (1963Threadgold ( , 1968Threadgold ( , 1984, Lee (1966), Burton (1966), Świderski (1966), Bogitsh (1968), Hockley (1973), Lumsden (1975), McLaren (1980), Choi and Yoo (1985), Brennan et al (1991), Cohen et al (1996), Ferrer et al (1996) and, more recently, by Filippi et al (2010Filippi et al ( , 2012Filippi et al ( , 2013. The nature of the tegumental surface of M. feliui, with infolding, pits and spines, inevitably increases the total surface area, which is probably important for the inward and outward transmission of nutrients and waste products, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…(1) the transmission of nutritive and other resources via an increased surface area resulting from the numerous infoldings of the surface membrane (Lee 1966;Świderski 1966;McLaren 1980;Threadgold 1984); (2) the supplementary role of the two types of tegumental spines in the maintenance of attachment and the locomotion of the parasite in relation to the gut-wall or other substrate (Threadgold 1963, Lee 1966, Lumsden 1975; and (3) a protective role in preventing damage to the worm by the host's digestive enzymes (McLaren 1980;Smyth and Halton 1983). The characteristic disc-like, granular bodies in the external cytoplasm of the M. feliui tegument resemble the 'secretory vesicles' described in Fasciola hepatica and other digeneans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in spine structure and their distribution may be related to differences in the host-parasite relationship (Filippi et al 2010(Filippi et al , 2012(Filippi et al , 2013. For example, Køie (1977) has suggested that large, pointed spines may be involved in feeding, with these spines being used for abrading host tissues, although Lumsden (1975) was of the opinion that the main function of spines is to assure and help maintain the parasite's attachment to the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functional ultrastructure and formation of the digenean tegument has long attracted the interest of parasitologists using electron microscopy for examining the surface layers of parasitic flatworms (for reviews, see : Threadgold 1963: Threadgold , 1984Lee 1966;Świderski 1966;Hockley 1973;Lumsden 1975;McLaren 1980). The tegument of the sexual adult (marita) of digeneans, which represents the parasite's interface with its host, is of particular importance to the biology of these platyhelminths and their interrelationship with the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tegument of the sexual adult (marita) of digeneans, which represents the parasite's interface with its host, is of particular importance to the biology of these platyhelminths and their interrelationship with the host. This layer is involved not only in protection against the host's enzymes and immune system, but also in the absorption of nutritive substances and the processes of excretion and osmoregulation (Burton 1966;Lumsden 1975;Threadgold 1963Threadgold , 1967Threadgold , 1968Threadgold , 1984Halton 2004). A regional specialisation of the tegument occurs in most digeneans and is often correlated with a particular function or functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A transmission electron microscopical study of the tegument of Maritrema feliui (Digenea: Microphallidae)

Świderski

Montoliu

Feliú

et al. 2013

Acta Parasitologica

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The tegument of the microphallid digenean Maritrema feliui, examined by means of TEM, is described as a syncytial epithelium organised into two layers. The outer layer is an external anucleate, cytoplasmic region connected to a second region composed of nucleate perikarya (cytons) deeply embedded in the surrounding cortical parenchyma. The surface layer of the tegument is covered by a plasma membrane with many deep invaginations, which are apparently pinocytotic. This layer also bears numerous large, electron-dense spines of two types, which are intracellular and attached to the basal plasma membrane. Its cytoplasm is rich in free ribosomes, contains numerous mitochondria, disc-shaped granules frequently arranged in a rouleau, and several large, moderately electron-dense, membranous bodies. The subtegumentary perikarya and their nuclei, which are both flattened, are described in detail, as are their connections with the surface tegument. These perikarya appear to be the source of the disc-shaped granules and some of the other inclusions present in the surface layer. The main characteristics of the tegumental structure of M. feliui are commented upon in relation to the findings of previous publications and their suggested functions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A transmission electron microscopical study of the tegument of Maritrema feliui (Digenea: Microphallidae)

Świderski

Montoliu

Feliú

et al. 2013

Acta Parasitologica

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Surface characterization of the cuticle of dirofilaria immitis

Bilge

Kadipaşaoǧlu

McCormick

et al. 1989

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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The surface reactivity of the dog heartworm (D. immitis) was evaluated by comprehensive contact angle measurements and a platelet retention test. Contact angle data yielded calculated surface energy terms very similar to those previously reported for intact vascular endothelium. The platelet test revealed the native worm surface to be nonreactive, retaining fewer platelets than glass or worms whose surfaces had been modified by extraction with acid and high salt solutions. The cuticular morphology of the heartworm was studied with both light and electron microscopy, the latter coupled with ferritin-conjugated double-layer immunolabeling to reveal adsorbed host protein on the cuticle surfaces. Multiple attenuated internal reflection (MAIR) IR spectroscopy confirmed the general composition of this surface layer to be glycoproteinaceous. Morphological and histochemical studies confirmed and extended previous descriptions of nematode cuticle, adding ultrastructural detail on cortical, medial, and basal layers. A trilaminar membrane, apparently corresponding to a mammalian cell membrane (plasmalemma), constituted the external cortical layer as observed in high magnifications. The existence of a glycocalyx of varying thickness was demonstrated in ruthenium red-stained sections. MAIR IR spectra showed this glycoproteinaceous film to appear, in fully hydrated samples, as a loose biological gel. Ferritin-antibody conjugate labeling confirmed the presence of adsorbed dog albumin, dog immunoglobulin class G (IgG) and dog complement fraction 3 (C3) in the cuticular surface layer. It is likely, therefore, that D. immitis heartworms demonstrate long-term thromboresistance at least in part due to their passive low-surface-energy overcoating with host proteins.

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Determination of the role of cuticular carbohydrates in the hemocompatibility of Dirofilaria immitis (Nematoda)

Kadipaşaoǧlu

Bilge

Baier

1993

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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We have partially characterized surface glycoproteins of the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis. Histochemical studies indicated the presence of neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharides at the blood-cuticle interface. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectin binding patterns suggested the presence of alpha-D-glucosyl and/or alpha-D-mannosyl, beta-galactosyl, N-acetylneuraminyl and N-acetylated-D-hexosaminyl (sialic and glucuronic acids, respectively) terminal residues among the constituent sugars of the glycocalyx. An additional goal of this study was to assess the significance of each carbohydrate in parasite hemocompatibility by using scanning electron microscopy, internal reflection infrared spectroscopy, and comprehensive contact angle measurements. Each carbohydrate identified in the glycocalyx was selectively cleaved with the appropriate exoglycosidase. Heart-worms bearing native and enzyme-altered surfaces were exposed to platelet-rich canine plasma. Activation and aggregation of platelets were significantly increased on enzyme-treated surfaces as compared with native surfaces. Enzyme-induced cleavage of carbohydrate residues was associated with an increase in critical surface tension or a loss in cuticular structural integrity or both. Hemocompatibility of the heartworm cuticle depends on the retention of a stable saccharide-rich layer that minimizes interaction with plasma proteins and platelets; thus, carbohydrate residues on the glycocalyx may contribute to parasite hemocompatibility. The presence of similar low-critical-surface-tension coatings with high mechanical integrity may impart thromboresistance to other polyphenolic or chitinous substances.

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Surface ultrastructure and cytochemistry of parasitic helminths

Cited by 229 publications

References 288 publications

A transmission electron microscopical study of the tegument of Maritrema feliui (Digenea: Microphallidae)

A transmission electron microscopical study of the tegument of Maritrema feliui (Digenea: Microphallidae)

Surface characterization of the cuticle of dirofilaria immitis

Determination of the role of cuticular carbohydrates in the hemocompatibility of Dirofilaria immitis (Nematoda)

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