Surfaces of Ice

Furukawa, Yoshinori; Sazaki, Gen; Nada, Hiroki

doi:10.1002/9783527680559.ch17

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The molecular-level configuration of ice−water interfaces plays a central role in phenomena ranging from transporting and transforming molecules in interstellar space to ice adhesion to various surfaces to survival of insects in extremely cold climates. 1 Despite its importance, answers to important questions such as which face of ice is the most stable for given conditions or how to inhibit ice-growth are not yet known. The difficulty stems in part from the nature of bonding in water and ice: both are held together by hydrogen bonds.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Best Face Forward: Crystal-Face Competition at the Ice–Water Interface

2014

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The ice-water interface plays an important role in determining the outcome of both biological and environmental processes. Under ambient pressure, the most stable form of ice is hexagonal ice (Ih). Experimentally probing the surface free energy between each of the major faces of Ih ice and the liquid is both experimentally and theoretically challenging. The basis for the challenge is the near-equality of the surface free energy for the major faces along with the tendency of water to supercool. As a result, morphology from crystallization initiated below 0 °C is kinetically controlled. The reported work circumvents supercooling consequences by providing a polycrystalline seed, followed by isothermal, equilibrium growth. Natural selection among seeded faces results in a single crystal. A record of the growth front is preserved in the frozen boule. Crystal orientation at the front is revealed by examining the boule cross section with two techniques: (1) viewing between crossed polarizers to locate the optical axis and (2) etching to distinguish the primary-prism face from the secondary-prism face. Results suggest that the most stable ice-water interface at 0 °C is the secondary-prism face, followed by the primary-prism face. The basal face that imparts the characteristic hexagonal shape to snowflakes is a distant third. The results contrast with those from freezing the vapor where the basal and primary-prism faces have comparable free energy followed by the secondary-prism face.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Best Face Forward: Crystal-Face Competition at the Ice–Water Interface

2014

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“…It is clear from the above equation that the freezing front velocity plays a significant role in the solute distribution. However, since the surface energy of ice in the basal plane is larger than its other planes, 50 ice crystals preferably grow slightly faster along it. This results in a disparity in the solute distribution along the various facets of the growing freezing front, ultimately leading to the emergence of instabilities therein.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Adhesion Reduction Of Impure Ice Via Qllmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion of impure ice on surfaces

Chatterjee,

Thanjukutty,

Carducci

et al. 2024

Mater. Horiz.

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“…The attachment of a water molecule to the ice crystal was much slower in NaF solution than in NaCl and NaBr solutions as shown in Figure d. The slow attachment kinetics of the water molecule to the ice crystal may induce the hexagonal shapes of ice crystals in NaF solution. ,, To explain the rejection of NaF by the ice crystal, the increase of potential energy of bulk ice was calculated when F – , Cl – , or Br – was incorporated in ice. Figure e shows the incorporation of F – in ice and increases the potential energy of the surrounding ice crystal more than the incorporation of Cl – or Br – in ice does.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ion-Specific Effects on the Growth of Single Ice Crystals

Zhang

et al. 2021

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Understanding the effects of soluble impurities or suspended particles on ice growth is of significant importance from Earth science to materials engineering. Ions are common impurities with ice in a wide range of fields, but their effects on ice growth remain largely elusive. Here, we studied the ion-specific effects on single ice crystal growth in various electrolyte and polyelectrolyte solutions and found F − and NH 4 + show remarkable abilities of inducing single ice crystals to form hexagonal shapes and reducing the growth rates of ice crystals. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the accumulation of F − around the ice/ solution interface that plays a key role in the shapes and growth rates of single ice crystals. The understanding of ion-specific effects on ice growth opens up more possibilities for improving related fields, e.g., freeze desalination and cryopreservation.

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Surfaces of Ice

Cited by 5 publications

References 96 publications

Best Face Forward: Crystal-Face Competition at the Ice–Water Interface

Best Face Forward: Crystal-Face Competition at the Ice–Water Interface

Adhesion of impure ice on surfaces

Ion-Specific Effects on the Growth of Single Ice Crystals

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