Surfaces of Simple Ionic Crystals

Surface reconstructions and premelting of the (100) CaF2surface

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Experimentally, the insulating behavior of alkaline halide surfaces hampers surface studies with electron probe beams and scanning tunneling microscopy. 22 Therefore, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) 23,24 , X-ray diffraction 25 and atomic force microscopy (AFM) 26 are the experimental techniques well suited to study the structure of such surfaces. Beside such experimental techniques, computational and theoretical studies also have provided accurate results for such surfaces.…”