Surfactant-assisted synthesis of Sn nanoparticles via solution plasma technique

Abstract

We have adopted a solution plasma synthesis for preparing Sn nanoparticles (Sn-NPs) directly from metallic Sn electrode. The Sn-NPs were synthesized in the presence of the surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and the effect of the concentration of CTAB on the Sn-NPs was investigated. Without CTAB addition, SnO plates were precipitated. Sn-NPs with less than 200 nm were synthesized at a high concentration of 200 × 10 -6 g·ml -1 of CTAB. Electrochemical properties of SnO plates and Sn-NPs were analyzed for use as an anode material in Li-ion batteries. A composite of Sn-NPs and graphite enhanced the cyclic stability owing to the buffer space provided by the graphite for volume expansion. In the case of the 30 wt% loaded Sn-NPs, the capacity was measured to be 414 mAh·g -1 after 20 cycles.

Sn and SnO2 nanoparticles by pulsed plasma in liquid: Synthesis, characterization and applications

“…4 shows a fast Fourier transform (FFT) image of a single crystal of Sn. Comparing these results with results from the literature [10,17], we concluded that it was possible to obtain a narrower particle size dispersion (from 3 to 5 nm) using pulsed plasma in liquid, as well as high purity and crystallinity. Table 2 shows the particle size data extracted from the TEM results, and gives a comparison with the size of Sn nanoparticles synthesized by other methods [17,[29][30][31].…”

“…Comparing these results with results from the literature [10,17], we concluded that it was possible to obtain a narrower particle size dispersion (from 3 to 5 nm) using pulsed plasma in liquid, as well as high purity and crystallinity. Table 2 shows the particle size data extracted from the TEM results, and gives a comparison with the size of Sn nanoparticles synthesized by other methods [17,[29][30][31]. The particle sizes calculated from XRD data using the Scherer equation were larger than those calculated from the TEM images, because the powder samples used in the XRD analysis were prepared without any additional treatments.…”

“…Although current methods can be used to successfully produce Sn and SnO 2 nanoparticles, they require the use of stabilizers, toxic reagents, and expensive equipment to protect the nanoparticles from agglomeration and oxidation [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Our previous studies have shown that the pulsed plasma in liquid technique provides a good alternative method for the synthesis of various size-and shape-controlled nanomaterials; this process is relatively cheap and environmentally friendly [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Cotton derived porous carbon via an MgO template method for high performance lithium ion battery anodes

“…1, 2 Many novel anode materials have been explored for higher specific capacity and better cycling performance, such as carbonaceous materials, [3][4][5] silicon, 6,7 tin, 8,9 metal oxides, [10][11][12][13][14][15] and so on. Among them, carbonaceous materials have demonstrated to be the most promising and common anode materials for LIBs.…”

Solution plasma synthesis of Si nanoparticles

“…In comparison to the arc discharge, the current was relatively small under a high voltage. Since lower current led to a decrease in electrode temperature, the Sn nanoparticles were produced using CGDE to improve the capacity of LIBs [22,23]. In this study, we investigated the effect of the electrolyte and the applied voltage on the product in order to fabricate smaller Si-NPs by solution plasma with CGDE.…”