“…Figure shows the Nyquist plots (real Z′ vs. imaginary Z′′ ) obtained for the freshly assembled cell and after 1 st cycles. From Figure , the observed impedance spectra showed semicircle at high frequency region, corresponds to the charge transfer resistance, which is due to the transport of lithium‐ions through the electrode/electrolyte interface and inclined straight line at low‐frequency region, corresponds to the Warburg impedance, which is due to the diffusion of the lithium ion into the electrode materials . The inset of Figure shows the equivalent electrical circuit model, which consists of the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte (Re), surface film resistance (R f ), charge transfer resistance (R ct ), double layer capacitance (CPE), and the Warburg impedance (Z w ), fitting parameters are summarized in Table ,.…”