Surfactant-guided spatial assembly of nano-architectures for molecular profiling of extracellular vesicles

Abstract

The controlled assembly of nanomaterials into desired architectures presents many opportunities; however, current preparations lack spatial precision and versatility in developing complex nano-architectures. Inspired by the amphiphilic nature of surfactants, we develop a facile approach to guide nanomaterial integration – spatial organization and distribution – in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Named surfactant tunable spatial architecture (STAR), the technology leverages the varied interactions of surfactants with nanoparticles and MOF constituents, respectively, to direct nanoparticle arrangement while molding the growing framework. By surfactant matching, the approach achieves not only tunable and precise integration of diverse nanomaterials in different MOF structures, but also fast and aqueous synthesis, in solution and on solid substrates. Employing the approach, we develop a dual-probe STAR that comprises peripheral working probes and central reference probes to achieve differential responsiveness to biomarkers. When applied for the direct profiling of clinical ascites, STAR reveals glycosylation signatures of extracellular vesicles and differentiates cancer patient prognosis.

Synthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles stabilized with cocamidopropyl betaine

“…For the qualitative stabilization of Se NPs, it is necessary to use surfactants having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components. Under certain physicochemical conditions, such surfactants, when interacting with hydrophobic Se NPs, can change their hydrophobic surface nature to hydrophilic, and hydrophilic colloids are known to be much more stable in aqueous media [33][34][35][36] . Currently, one of the industrially most important amphiphilic surfactants is cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) 37 .…”

Toward Rational Design of Ordered Heterostructures for Energy and Environmental Sustainability: A Review

“…[38] The properties of ordered heterostructures, in principle, will closely correlate to the intrinsic crystal phase, size, shape, lattice orientation of each nanounit in heterostructures, [42] and also highly depend on the spatial distribution and interaction forces between fine nanoparticles (NPs). [43][44][45] Concomitantly, it has imposed stringent demands for precise synthesis of purposeful ordered heterostructure and unraveling the underlying form-to-function relationship.…”

Nanoarchitectonics horizons: materials for life sciences

“…7 A tunable spatial architecture allows enhanced interaction between nanomaterials and a metal-organic framework where a surfactant plays a vital role in achieving tunability and precision. 8 Nanostructures upon surface modifications are often used in diagnostic applications by incorporating diagnostic and therapeutic moieties via conjugation. Nanostructures, including nanoshells, nanoflowers, nanorods, nanocages, nanoplates, nanocubes, nanosheets, layered nanostructures, and quantum dots are some of the structural assemblies that can be created via nanoarchitectonics.…”