“…And its achievement will have a great impact on society [1][2][3][4]. Among the materials that can be developed for photocatalytic applications, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) remains the most promising material due to its high efficiency, low cost, chemical inertness, and photostability [5][6][7][8]. TiO 2 represents an effective photocatalyst for water and air purification with self-cleaning surfaces.…”